Rajidae (colloquially known as skates and rays) experienced multiple and parallel adaptive radiations allowing high species diversity and great differences of species composition between regional faunas. Nevertheless, they show considerable conservation of bio‐ecological, morphological and reproductive traits. The evolutionary history and dispersal of North‐east Atlantic and Mediterranean rajid fauna were investigated throughout the sequence analysis of the control region and 16S rDNA mitochondrial genes. Molecular estimates of divergence times indicated recent origin and rapid dispersal of the present species. Compared with the ancient origin of the family (Late Cretaceous), the present species diversity arose in a relatively narrow time‐window (12 Myr) from Middle Miocene to Early Pleistocene, likely by speciation processes related to dramatic geological and climatic events in the Mediterranean. Nucleotide substitution rates and phylogenetic relationships indicated Mediterranean endemic skates derived from sister species with wider distribution during Late Pliocene–Pleistocene. Skate phylogeny and systematics obtained using mitochondrial gene variation were largely consistent with those based on morpho‐anatomical data.

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The aim of this observational study is to examine which distinctive features of orality can be found in a particularly interesting microlanguage (Serianni 2004; Marzocchi 1998): the Italian spoken by the members of the European Parliament (EP) in the plenary sessions. To detect these phenomena, a micro-corpus of original Italian speeches delivered at the EP was built; this data collection phase was followed by the analysis of the most significant features of orality, with particular reference to unmodified loanwords, the use of acronyms or procedural routines and formulas used (Marzocchi 2005), as well as all those lexical and syntactic elements putting a strain on oral language (Bakti 2009, Tissi 2000). The observation of the distinctive features of oral language is ultimately aimed at using these data in the teaching of interpreting, a discipline that cannot ignore a fundamental paradigm: a quality interpreted speech is necessarily linked to a deep knowledge of the typical oral features of the source (micro)language. Riassunto L'obiettivo di questo studio osservativo è analizzare quali tratti tipici dell'oralità caratterizzano una microlingua (Serianni 2004) particolarmente interessante: l'italiano parlato dai membri del Parlamento europeo (PE) nell'ambito delle sessioni plenarie. Per individuare questi fenomeni si è provveduto a creare un micro-corpus di discorsi originali italiani pronunciati al PE; la fase di raccolta dei discorsi è stata seguita dall'analisi dei tratti più significativi legati all'oralità, con particolare riferimento a prestiti integrali non modificati, l'uso di sigle o procedure tipiche del PE (Marzocchi 2005) e tutti quegli elementi lessicali e sintattici che caratterizzano fortemente il discorso

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