Introduction Intradural lumbar disc herniations are uncommon presentations of a relatively frequent pathology, representing less than 1% of all lumbar disc hernias. They show specific features concerning their clinical diagnosis, with a higher incidence of cauda equina syndrome, and their surgical treatment requires a transdural approach. Methods In this article, we describe five cases of this pathology and review the literature as well as some considerations about the difficulties in the preoperative diagnostic issues and the surgical technique. Conclusion We concluded that for intradural disc herniations the diagnosis is mainly intraoperative, and the surgical technique has some special aspects.

Liquoric fistula (LF) is defined as the communication of the subarachnoid space with the external environment, which main complication is the development of infection in the central RESUMOFístula liquórica (FL) é definida como a comunicação do espaço subaracnóide com o ambiente externo, cuja principal complicação é o desenvolvimento da infecção no sistema nervoso central. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com fístula liquórica palpebral não traumática secundária à meningocele orbitária (lesão congênita) sendo que a principal manifestação clínica foi o edema palpebral unilateral. Os sintomas e sinais clínicos da paciente apareceram apenas na idade adulta, o que é incomum. A paciente recebeu tratamento cirúrgico, com resolução completa do edema palpebral. Concluimos que fístula liquórica palpebral é uma condição rara, mas com grande potencial deletério para o paciente. Deve ser sempre considerarada no diagnóstico diferencial do edema da pálpe-bra unilateral, e o tratamento cirúrgico é quase sempre obrigatório.

Introduction: The oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) are anomalies of the first and second pharyngeal arches, causing craniofacial changes, principally facial asymmetry, as well as anomalies in the spine, that can be a cause of instability of the craniocervical junction - manipulation of an unstable spine can result in morbimortality. However, few studies have related OAVS to craniocervical instability. Objectives: Correlate patients with OAVS through radiography with craniocervical instability and prediction of its occurrence. Material and Methods: Through a radiographic study of the cervical spine, the assessment of vertebral malformations and the presence of craniocervical instability was performed and clinical assessment using the OMENS score as a phenotypic criteria for patients with OAVS, by a specialized multidisciplinary team. Student’s t test, Kolmogorov-Smirnova, and χ2 were performed. Results: Twenty-six patients with OAVS were evaluated, 7 (26.9%) had craniocervical instability, the OMENS score was 3 times higher, but without statistical significance. All patients with instability also had spinal malformations, and of those without craniocervical instability (19 patients), 57.8% had spinal malformations. Vertebral malformations had a similar incidence in those with and without instability, the most common being scoliosis. There was no statistical significance in the presence or absence of spinal malformations with the presence or absence of craniocervical instability. Extracraniofacial findings were found in all patients with instability; 71.4% of them were radial. Conclusions: Patients with higher OMENS scores had more craniocervical instability but without statistical significance. It also did not show statistical relevance between the presence of malformations and craniocervical instability.

Lipid layer thickness decrease due to meibomian gland dysfunction leads to tear film instability and reflex tear secretion. Ann Med 2022;54:893-899 8. Lee SM, Chung SJ, Lew H. Evaluation of tear film lipid layer thickness measurements obtained using an ocular surface interferometer in nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients.