O biochar vem sendo recomendado para melhorar propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo e a produtividade das culturas. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de biochar e esterco bovino na produtividade, evapotranspiração (ET) e eficiência no uso de água (EUA) da alface. Um experimento em casa de vegetação foi realizado utilizando-se dois tipos de biochar e esterco bovino, no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram quatro tipos de adubação: esterco+biochar de borra de café (E+BBC); esterco+biochar de casca de café (E+BCC); biochar de borra de café (BBC) e biochar de casca de café (BCC). Foram avaliadas a biomassa fresca (BF), o número de folhas (NF), a ET e a EUA da alface. Verificou-se que o tratamento E+BBC proporcionou maior BF. Não se verificou efeito dos tratamentos no NF da alface. Maiores perdas de água (ET) foram observadas nos tratamentos que tinham biochar de borra de café (BBC e E+BBC). Os tratamentos com esterco, independentemente do tipo de biochar, foram os que apresentaram as maiores EUA. Recomenda-se o uso de biochar mais esterco bovino para reduzir a ET e aumentar a produtividade e EUA da alface.
Cereus jamacaru DC. is an endemic cactus of the Brazilian semiarid region empirically used by humans for forage, food and medicinal purposes. In this paper, we characterize the physicochemical and phytochemical profile of the C. jamacaru cladode and fruits, outlining their nutritional implications. We evaluate the basic physicochemical characteristic of the fruits and the main classes of chemical compounds present in aqueous and ethanolic extracts from cladode, peel, and pulp of ripe and semi-ripe fruits through qualitatively and quantitatively methods. We analyze the data through descriptive statistics and variance analysis. The fruits have appropriate pH, acidity, and total soluble solid levels for the fruit processing industry and fresh consumption. We identified the presence of saponins, tannins, flavones, flavonols, and xanthones in all samples, but alkaloids and steroids were both detected in cladodes exclusively. The phenolic compound and flavonoid contents vary according to the extraction method and sample class. The cladodes and pulp of ripe fruits have the highest flavonoid levels, while the content of phenolic compounds had a high level in peels of ripe and semi-ripe fruits. The presence of these bioactive compounds implies that C. jamacaru products have relevant pharmacological interest and functionality for human (fruits) and domestic ruminant (cladodes) food. These applications can boost the agricultural-economic exploration of C. jamacaru and contribute to income generation, and improve human and animal nutrition.
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