Rheology modification of the complex fluids has been addressed using the competency of the selected natural materials. This article reports the efficacy of the microparticles of the naturally available material neem (Azadirachta indica) powder as rheology modifier, which in turn offers better consistency, firmness, as well as nutrient value to the emulsions containing juice of Aloe barbadenis Miller, which can be effectively used for the preparation of foods, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. These results showed that the oil-water emulsions containing aloe vera juice emulsified with coconut milk protein exhibited useful dynamic viscoelastic behavior, with improved consistency and rheology because of the addition of microparticles of neem. Neem microparticles offered higher yield stress and apparent viscosity. This rheology modifier material can potentially eliminate or reduce the use of synthetic chemical thickeners, texturizers, etc. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe present work on neem powder application in emulsion production provides a new direction for further fundamental research to explore the mechanism of interactions of such particles with the main phase of emulsions. Present findings demonstrate the design of novel emulsions, which offers additional value because of the high therapeutic, nutrient and medicinal characteristics of such materials of natural origin.

Background: The incidence of Cholelithiasis is definitely recognized through propelling ages, as gallbladder stones are unordinary in individuals more young then 30 years for the most part with the recurrence running from 10 to 20% of the aggregate population. It represents a major burden for healthiness global and are one of the most widely recognized issue presenting to emergency room. Ultrasound is perceived as the highest quality level for diagnosing gallstones.Objectives: The present study was aims to establish the sonographic incidence of Cholelithiasis in the individual with positive family history.Material and Method: The Cross sectional study was included 130 patients. This study was conducted at the Department of Radiology in Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. The duration of study was from 15 July to 15 October 2019. Data was analysis by Statistical Software for Social Sciences “SPSS version 24”. Results: Overall 130 patients included in this study. Out of 130, female individuals was 85(65.4%) and male 45(34.6%). Epigastric pain was in all individuals 130(100%). Out of 130 patients, gallstones found in 76(58.4%) patients, in which males are 21(16.2%), females 55(42.3%) and the remaining 54(41.5%) patients had no stone. In 130 patients, 37(28.5%) had positive family history and 93(71.5%) negative family history.Conclusion: It is suggested that all individuals who have epigastric pain should go through process of ultrasonography. The overall prevalence of gallstone disease was 28.5%. The occurrences of gallbladder stones were revealed several folds elevated in female while contrast with male.

Sonography is common use in early pregnancy has led to the exposure of incidental adnexal masses more often. Assessment of grayscale and color Doppler sonography outcomes is as precise when based on static images. To determine the evaluation of adnexal masses with grayscale ultrasonography and color Doppler flow imaging in first trimester of pregnancy. This Cross Sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The study was conducted from July to Dec 2019. The patients were selected by nonprobability convenience sampling. All pregnant patients were undergoing abdominal ultrasonography to detect the adnexal masses. The data was collected by the questionnaire. Overall 68 individuals involved in this study out of which 29(96.7%) are benign diseases on the left side of patients and malignant are only 1(3.3%). Patients having benign diseases of right-sided are 33(86.8%) and malignant are 5(13.2%). Benign diseases are 62(91.2%) out of which 43 patients had cystic, 15 are mixed and 4 are solid components.  Malignant diseases are found only 6 patients out of which 3 are mixed and 3 are solid components. Majority of the adnexal masses identified in pregnancy is benign and will resolve suddenly. Doppler sonography has severe limitations in the differentiation of benign from malignant adnexal disease on the basis of low-impedance flow.