SummaryAim.To acquire statistical data concerning the materials, methods, and approaches used by general dentists in Lithuania, when treating teeth endodontically, while comparing said data with set treatment standards of undergraduate education to determine if practitioners' years of experience had influence on aforementioned factors. Materials and Methods. In total, 350 surveys were dispersed among four major Lithuanian cities (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Utena) to bring forth data. These questionnaires included questions concerning the participant's gender, experience in dentistry in years, materials and methods used, etc. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 22.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science 22 for Windows) Results. From the total, 134 (38.3%) surveys were returned for analysis. Only those surveys were analyzed which were fully filled and were from general dentists, who were performing endodontic treatment to their patients (109 or 31.1%). Respondents who did not qualify to the set forth criteria were automatically removed from further analysis. 77.6% of younger dentists (10 years or less in the field) preferred to use a rubber dam as an isolation material while only 30.6% of older generation specialists (more than 10 years in the field) performed endodontic treatment with it.Step back technique was more popular to

Objectives: Prescription trends to certain antibiotic classes in Lithuania have been observed. Considering the potential contribution to antimicrobial resistance and the evidence of inappropriate prescriptions highlights, the periodical assessment of antibiotic consumption trends is required. The aim of this study was to assess prescription behaviours of Lithuanian general dental practitioners concerning the systemic antibiotic therapy of endodontic infections. Material and Methods: A sample of 198 Lithuanian dentists, registered on the database of the Lithuanian Dental Chamber, provided anonymous information about their clinical work by means of an online questionnaire. Results: Among the participants, antibiotics were prescribed in less than 20% of endodontic cases. Most common diagnosis for the prescription was symptomatic apical periodontitis with periostitis (90%) and apical abscesses with systemic involvement (54%). Amoxicillin and co-amoxiclav were the preferred choices for the antimicrobial therapy. The preference of clavulanic acid combination over simple usage of amoxicillin is increasing relative to the participants age (P = 0.016) and working experience (P = 0.008). Clindamycin is prescribed in cases of allergy to beta-lactams. Practitioners with less years of clinical activity were more likely to prescribe antibiotics for spreading infections, than their associates with more than 10 years of practice (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Clinicians of higher age were found to be more likely to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotic combinations compared to their younger associates. The majority of practitioners were aware of the clinical recommendations.

Today it is more and more preferred to preserve teeth with promising prognosis rather than to extract them. The efficiency and the precision of retreatment files to remove filling material are important factors of successful treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of MaxWire® alloy file in removing root canal filling material after retreatment with endodontic retreatment instruments. Distal roots of twenty human mandibular molars with single and straight canals were selected for this study. All canals were instrumented up to #40/.04 with Bio-race system and apical preparation was finished with Kfile #50/.02. Obturation was performed using lateral condensation technique with ADSEAL sealer. Radiographs were performed in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions with periapical X-ray after obuturation. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups with ten teeth in each. Group 1: removal of root canal filling material was performed using D-race system. Group 2: removal of root canal filling material was performed using D-race system following XP endo Finisher R instrument. Radiographs were performed after retreatment. Residual material was calculated in percentage left in canals. Statistical significance between the two groups were analyzed with t-test. Remnants of root canal filling material was observed in both groups: 38.90% in Group 1 and 13.71% in Group 2, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups in term of the total root canal filling material (p&amp;lt;0.05). MaxWire® alloy file significantly increased the amount of removed root canal filling material after retreatment with endodontic retreatment instruments.

The article presents an analysis of the virtual crimes, its problematic aspects, inter alia, prevention opportunities. Discussing types of virtual crimes, content aspects in the context of nowadays challenges, illegal acts’ measures. Regulatory reviews at national, European Union and international level, considered by the competent intitutions, as well as case law. Convention on cybercrime, adopted in 2001, extensively covering and legally regulating crimes, commited through virtual space, a comparison with Lithuanian legislation, including criminal code. The work emphasizes latency of cybercrimes likewise the damages comparing with ordinary crimes.