PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a large family of small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs present throughout the animal kingdom. They form complexes with several members of the PIWI clade of Argonaute proteins and carry out regulatory functions. Their best established biological role is the inhibition of transposon mobilization, which they enforce both at the transcriptional level, through regulation of heterochromatin formation, and by promoting transcript degradation. In this capacity, piRNAs and PIWI proteins are at the heart of the germline cells’ efforts to preserve genome integrity. Additional regulatory roles of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in gene expression are becoming increasingly apparent.PIWI proteins and piRNAs are often detected in human cancers deriving from germline cells as well as somatic tissues. Their detection in cancer correlates with poorer clinical outcomes, suggesting that they play a functional role in the biology of cancer. Nonetheless, the currently available information, while highly suggestive, is still not sufficient to entirely discriminate between a ‘passenger’ role for the ectopic expression of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in cancer from a ‘driver’ role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this article, we review some of the key available evidence for the role of piRNAs and PIWI in human cancer and discuss ways in which our understanding of their functions may be improved.

This article reviews the different models of Communication at the University and its evolution over time. As a proposal, it analyzes the main European trends regarding academic and communication strategies using a sample of 30 European universities. Also discussed the availability of some of the new technological tools used in these universities and analyzed the use of social networks in five Spanish universities.

Nanoencapsulation is a technique in which high‐interest lipids are protected. Refractance Window™ is a novel drying technique designed mainly to convert fruit puree into powder, flakes, or concentrates. Thus, in this work we study the effect of wall materials on the moisture content and break distance of flakes obtained by RW from emulsions of high‐oleic palm oil, also, we study the physical properties of the optimal nanoemulsions. High whey concentrations originate flakes with low moisture content and high break distance. Microfluidization pressure significantly affected droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and surface tension of the optimal nanoemulsions. In this sense, increasing the pressure decreased size and PdI, and increased ζ and ST. To obtain nanoemulsions suitable for drying in RW, high whey concentrations and high microfluidization pressures should be used to promote the stability of nanoemulsions in order to obtain flakes with high break distance and low moisture contents. Novelty Impact Statement High‐oleic palm oil nanoemulsions are an excellent choice for producing flakes using the refractive window technique. This type of dry flakes allows the incorporation of HOPO into products of the food industry since its production process involves the use of low temperatures, protecting the thermolabile compounds present in this oil, and adding nutritional value to the food product.

La presente investigación tiene como objeto de estudio los recursos visuales empleados por sanitarios en sus publicaciones de Instagram durante las dos primeras semanas del confinamiento. El objetivo principal es conocer los recursos expresivos que emplean estos instagrammers, de qué modo utilizan las herramientas que ofrece la plataforma para lograr una notable repercusión entre sus audiencias. La metodología empleada es mixta, cuantitativa y cualitativa. En el primer caso se usan programas como FanPageKarma e influencity.com para conocer las métricas digitales de los instagrammers (totalizan los números de seguidores, reacciones, engagement, calidad de la audiencia, sexo...). Y para el análisis de las publicaciones se ha confeccionado una ficha de análisis sobre el uso de recursos discursivos audiovisuales. Paralelamente se aplica el walkthrough method para conocer las potencialidades expresivas de Instagram. Como principales resultados podemos destacar el papel intermediador de los instagrammers que no actúan solamente como productores de mensajes sino también como transmisores de terceros realizando funciones de curación y gatekeeping. También concluimos que los usuarios que componen la muestra no aprovechan todas las potencialidades expresivas y de difusión de los mensajes que posee una herramienta como Instagram. De igual manera tampoco destacan por sus competencias comunicativas en cuanto al dominio del lenguaje y narrativas audiovisuales. A pesar de ello, el éxito de estos influencers expertos es patente, pudiendo hallarse sus causas en las excepcionales circunstancias provocadas por la pandemia del COVID-19 (en especial durante el periodo analizado) y la necesidad de la población de encontrar información veraz ante la incertidumbre.

YouTube is a company representative of its original context, Web 2.0, that originally positioned itself as an open and collaborative platform to broadcast videos created by all kinds of users; their slogan was, and remains, Broadcast yourself. The acquisition of YouTube by Google introduced it in the search for profit in the framework of OTT (over the top) communication. The YouTube homepage reveals the successive business policies followed by the platform. In this work we analyze the evolution of the unlogged homepage of YouTube Spain between 2009 and 2018. We observe the gradual disappearance of the videos produced by private users and its replacement by those made by professional users (youtubers) and cultural industries. There is a remarkable parallelism between the implementation of business models and the greater or lesser recommendation of video from one kind of user or another.