Psicoanálisis y marxismo en el tardofranquismo y la Transición Psicoanálisis y marxismo en el tardofranquismo y la Transición. La influencia del pensamiento latinoamericano Psychoanalysis and marxism in the late-francoism and democratic transition. The influence of Latin American thought 1

Jacob Levy Moreno, the well-known creator of psychodrama, had a close epistolary relationship with the Spanish psychiatrist Ramón Sarró; a collection of these letters has been located in the Sarró personal archive, deposited in the Library of Catalonia. After locating and arranging this correspondence, we proceeded to analyze and contextualize its contents. The analysis of this collection serves as a basis to outline the context in which the relationship between Moreno and Sarró developed, the role played by certain psychotherapy congresses in strengthening their relationships, and the process that resulted in the University of Barcelona awarding Moreno Doctor Honoris Causa. This study has allowed us to identify certain areas of how psychodrama was received in Spain during the 1960s and reflect on the creation of international collaboration networks and the creation of schools and professional and academic legitimation strategies in the wake of the approaches to group psychotherapy and psychodrama that Moreno developed while based in New York.

The Spanish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Ángel Garma-exiled in Argentina after the Spanish Civil War-was one of the founders and the first president of the Argentinian Psychoanalytical Association. Garma unsuccessfully tried to become a university lecturer on three occasions. His final attempt was in 1965, when he applied for a professorship in deep psychology at the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature of the University of Buenos Aires. The application he submitted for this professorship position has been located in Ángel Garma's personal archive. The aim of this article is to analyse this manuscript to search for clues about the author's relationship with his own work and to explain the priorities and interests he intended to explore in the university environment. The first part of the article analyses the content of his application for the professorship, contrasting this content with published work and reviewing the fundamental lines of Garma's psychoanalytical thought (child sexuality, psychoanalysis and psychosomatic medicine, the psychoanalytical institution, etc.). The second part suggests the main reasons why Garma failed in his attempts to become a university lecturer.

Resumen Nuestro objetivo es mostrar el arraigo que tuvo el freudomarxismo, como forma específica de contacto entre marxismo y psicoanálisis, en la España del franquismo tardío y de la Transición (1975-1978). Analizamos la pertinencia del término “freudomarxismo”, sus diferencias con un psicoanálisis militante argentino influyente en corrientes sociales del psicoanálisis en España, y la revisión histórica del movimiento que realiza una figura relevante para la psicología española como es Antonio Caparrós i Benedicto. Finalmente abordamos la acogida relativa de la obra de Wilhelm Reich a través del esfuerzo de difusión de Ramón García y de la figura de Carlos Frigola, aprendiz de Eva Reich y creador de la Fundación Reich.