Among the extracts from 420 kinds of herbs, Prunus salicina, showing the highest glucosyltransferase inhibition activity, was purified and designated GTI-0163. Structural determination of GTI-0163 revealed it to be an oleic acid-based unsaturated fatty acid. GTI-0163 was an uncompetitive inhibitor of GTase. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid showed a significantly higher GTase inhibitory activity than the saturated fatty acids or the ester form of oleic acid. These results strongly suggested that both the number of double bonds and the existence of free carboxyl groups of fatty acids play an important role in GTase inhibitory activity.

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A soflswitch (SSW) is the core element of the NGN(Next Generation Network) in the call control and signaling layer. The SSW-EMS(Element Management System) manage the SSW itself as its basic functions, and servers as a mediation device between NMS(Network Management System) and one or more SSWs.Existing SSW-EMS products can be categorized by two models. One is only care about the SSW itself and, in the other hand, the other takes a role of integrated EMS for SSW, GW(gateway)s. And other servers to manage their own NGNelement products line (namely, NGN-EMS) including AS(App1ication Server) and MS(Media Server). Many products belong to the later categoty. Some kind of EMS take a functions from NMS(Network Management System) hy the features such as correlating the faults from different NGN elements. If an EMS only cares about the SSW, it is hard to maintain the services when the error or sudden change of states in the CWs that is belonging to the SSW. In the other word, if a error may causing the service intemption is occurred in a GW, then this kind of alarm information is only delivered to the EMS for that CW only. The SSW and its operator only can receive the information via higher management layer, like NMS. But, in the most of cases, the SSW and the GW will be separated geometrically. This situation results the difficulty for the operators to co-operate to solve the problems. What makes the situations more worse is like this one; at this point the information is already abstracted and we can not do much things with the information at the EMS layer and hard to make the automation process to handle the situation. The NGN-EMS can solve these problems by managing the combinational information of SSW and GWs. But, in this case, the management hierarchy is confused and performance issue is arisen. For example, if one EMS manages the SSW and GWs simultaneously, this EMS should be positions at the central management office or office that the SSW is located. Then the operator for the GWs is physically separated with the EMS. The centralization of the EMS also causes the point-of-failure and the long distance between GW and GW-EMS is more weakly for the failure of management network. In the real situation, most of GW operators have a tendency to he closer with GW. and GW-EMS. The SSW-EMS developed by KT, named SSEMS, includes the management objects as in the figure. In the figure, the SSEMS only interacts with the SSWs and NMS. But for the case of GWs, the SSEMS u t i l i the protocol information stored

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