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Amino diacid 3, a highly selective competitive GluR5 kainate receptor antagonist, exhibited high GluR5 receptor affinity and selectivity over other glutamate receptors. Its diethyl ester prodrug 4 was orally active in two models of migraine: the neurogenic dural plasma protein extravasation model and the nucleus caudalis c-fos expression model. These data suggest that a GluR5 kainate receptor antagonist might be an efficacious antimigraine therapy with a novel mechanism of action.

What's already known about this topic?• Action spectra (wavelength dependence) for erythema and the cutaneous formation of vitamin D overlap considerably in the ultraviolet (UV)B region.• Theoretically, sunscreens that inhibit erythema should also inhibit vitamin D synthesis.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Ł od z, Poland and done according to the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants (n = 79) gave written informed consent. Most were of Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) II and III. 32 The group demographics and study locations are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Briefly, three groups of holidaymakers from Ł od z, Poland, spent a week during March

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