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A5.01-pm2 full-CR4OS S U M cell using a 0 . 2 8 -k m design rule has been developed and the cell operation at as low as 0.6V was confirmed. This cell has been designed not only to be small but also to be widened bitline pitch for reduction of bitline delay. To readize this cell, optical-proximity-effect correction (OPC) and some technologies for cell-size reduction have been adopted. In addition, glue layer wiring (CLAW for the local interconnection has been used in order to simplify the process. IntroductionSRAMs in 0.25-pni generation and beyond, memory cells are required to operate at still lower supply voltage and higher speed. A full-CMOS cell is suitable for low-voltage operation. However, the full-CMOS cell is commonly larger than 'ET-load cells. The cell layout has usually been designed in a large aspect-ratio, that is the width-to-height ratio of the cell, more than 2 [1,2]. Therefore, in order to reduce the size of the cell having such a slim shape along bitlines, bitline pitch become very tight. It causes bitline delay and serious problem with wiring reliability.In this paper, we present a 5.01-pm' full-CMOS cell using a 0.28-p m design rule, which was designed in a small aspect-ratio. In order to realize this cell, we have used various technologies such as trench isolation [ 11, self-aligned contact (SAC), borderless contacts and OPC [ 3 ] . In addition, we propose GLAW, which simplifies the process. This cell is suitable for small-size and high-speed SRAMs and the process has good compatibi1it:y with that of logic LSIs.

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In this paper, we present a multipurpose operation strategy for the efficient distribution of power to multiple power services from a single battery energy storage system (BESS). The proposed operation strategy uses a modern portfolio theory of financial engineering known as the capital asset pricing model to determine the allocation of BESS discharge power. Using this strategy, it is possible to quantitatively evaluate the expected return and risk in BESS operation and achieve the maximum expected return for the selected acceptable risk. Further, the predictability of the expected return is improved by applying the ensemble approach to the estimation model of the expected return. A one-year long performance test was conducted at the Japan Electric Power Exchange using the proposed operation strategy. A mean absolute error of approximately 2.0% between the expected return of the proposed strategy and the actual return was obtained, confirming the accuracy of the proposed strategy.INDEX TERMS Batteries, Operations and management, Portfolios, CAPM, and Ensemble approach.