In the opinion of many researchers, frugal innovations are often connected with sustainable development. This statement is proved by literature analysis, where frugality and frugal innovations are presented as a determinant of sustainable development. However, in most of the cases the lack of empirical evidence of this situation can be noticed. The article includes a review of the literature describing frugal innovation. In the article, the definitions of frugal innovations are compared with some empirical propositions for frugality measuring in the companies. The aim of the paper is to describe the issue of frugal innovation, its definitions, manifestations and ways of measuring. The reason of conducting the study is a desire of verification how deep is the issue analysed in the literature. In order to achieve the aim of the paper, the following objectives have been set: (1) to discuss current definitions of frugal innovations; (2) to present the ways how frugal innovations can be manifested; (3) to describe current propositions of frugal innovation measures and to discuss if can they be used to measure frugal innovation efficiency in the companies. The analysis is based on literature review. First of all, there is presented the method of the study and detailed description of the research sampling process. Presentation of frugal innovation definitions is the second step of the study. The next step is to show the most common manifestations journal of corporate responsibility and leadership innovations in corporate social responsibility and public ManageMent 82 Mikołaj Ślęzak, Michał Jagielski of frugal innovations. Considerations about these two elements are the causes of identifying the measures, which helps to assess the efficiency of frugal innovations. The study confirms that there is still a huge demand for deeper investigation of the issue, because the current literature does not provide the comprehensive understanding of it. Paper type: systematic literature review.

The idea of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a very significant element of companies and societies functioning. Literature exemplifies that this concept still becomes more and more popular. Considering it from the strategic perspective can be a driver for businesses success. This article focuses on the CSR concept and its different aspects. The aim of the paper is to describe and exemplify the issue of the corporate social responsibility concept, with the focus on its strategic aspects. In order to achieve the aim of the paper, there have been set the following objectives: (1) to discuss definitions of the CSR concept, its origins, drivers and different types;(2) to present strategic CSR definitions, its benefits and dimensions; (3) to exemplify how to embed the CSR concept into strategy; (4) to discuss the complexity of the strategic approach to CSR. The study is based on the systematic literature review. At the beginning, the article presents the method of the study and the research sampling process. The next step of the study outlines the CSR concept and its definitions and key assumptions. Later, the article exemplifies the strategic approach to the CSR concept. The study confirms the significance of converting CSR activities into strategies and linking them with the grand strategy of companies. Nevertheless, there is still a big need to investigate this issue more deeply in order to have a better and more comprehensive view on that.

Eco-innovations become a more and more significant aspect in management theory and business practice. The concept is considered to be a solution linking the ideas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and innovation. The aim of the study is to discuss the eco-innovations concept and their role in contemporary business. In order to meet the aim of the paper, the following operational objectives were indicated: (1) to present and discuss definitions of the eco-innovations concept; (2) to exemplify different types, antecedents and dimensions of eco-innovations; (3) to identify benefits of eco-innovations; (4) to consider eco-innovations as a source of potential competitive advantage. This study is based on the methodology of systematic literature review. The article exemplifies the definitions of eco-innovations, their types, antecedents and different dimensions. Later, it is discussed the role of eco-innovations in building the competitive advantage. The study confirms that eco-innovations can generate benefits for businesses and their environment. Thus, the role of eco-innovations in contemporary business can be considered as significant.

The United Kingdom joined the EU in 1973. Just two years later it was on the verge of leaving. There was a first referendum held but 67% of the British citizens voted to remain in the EU. Second referendum on the same issue was held in February 2016. Turnout was 71.8% - more than 30 million people cast their votes and by a slim 51.9% to 48.1% margin voted to leave. There were stark differences across the UK – both geographically and demographically. Also many argued that “leave” campaign was controversial and not related to the EU as a legal entity – more to its recent problems like eurozone and migration crises. Taking into account that there are only couple of days left to the Brexit day of April 12, 2019 (prolonged from original Brexit day of March 30, 2019), the most probable of all Brexit scenarios is no deal as the UK Parliament so far failed to agree on any option. On March 14, 2019 the House of Commons voted to take no deal option off the table, but the UK forgot that this is a default solution that will take place anyway in the absence of any agreement between the UK and the EU – it’s simply not UK’s internal choice to make. What did lead to the second Brexit referendum? Why did the UK question its presence in the EU? What will happen to the rights of EU citizens in no deal scenario that seems to be the most plausible at the moment? These questions will be answered in due course.