While proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is the most applicable controller in industry, it does not provide important qualities, such as stability in case of uncertainties, being robust to disturbances, and optimal control inputs. To address the issue, this paper presents adaptive robust PID control subject to supervisory decoupled sliding mode control for an inverted pendulum system optimized by using a genetic algorithm optimization. Decoupled sliding mode control is a variable structure control method having appropriate features, such as good tracking performance and robustness with regard to disturbances. To this end, decoupled sliding mode control as a supervisory controller is utilized in accordance with PID control to deliver necessary control inputs and enhance the performance of the controller. Effectual methods such as the transfer function which resulted in having minimum chattering in the controller is employed in this paper. An adaptation mechanism is used to update the proportional, derivative, and integral gains of PID control. Then, the parameters of the controller are ascertained by using a genetic algorithm. The results and analysis prove the proper performance of the controller via providing an optimal smooth control input, proper tracking performance, and the elimination of the chattering problem.

The production of biofuels using second-generation feedstocks has been recognized as an important alternative source of sustainable energy and its demand is expected to increase due to regulations such as the Renewable Fuel Standard. However, the pathway to biofuel industry maturity faces unique, unaddressed challenges.

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