Elevation of alveolar PAI-1 antigen levels postaspiration is the consequence of local rather than systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system. Measurement of alveolar PAI-1 antigen levels can be a useful clinical marker in predicting progression to ARDS after gastric aspiration.
The use of the tree may provide a more rational basis for selecting initial therapy for severe NHAP after it is validated in a large prospective study.
Although there are limited effective measures to lessen the burden of comorbidities, avoiding reintubation, finding a substitute to allogenic blood transfusion, and improved assessment of pain management could reduce the rate of NP in the post-operative period of cardiac surgery in the elderly population.
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