Although the majority of patients fail to reach recommended iPTH values, parathyroidectomy remains a valuable tool to attain these NKF-K/DOQI recommendations for serum calcium, phosphorus and CaxPO(4) in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism resistant to medical therapy. Parathyroidectomy was shown to be an inadequate intervention for achieving KDIGO recommendations.

No abstract

Peritoneal lavage cytology was shown to be a useful tool for the detection of the group of patients with greatest risk of peritoneal dissemination. The frequency of positive cytological findings was highly associated with the diameter of the tumor and the cancer invasion of serosa. Cytological examination of peritoneal lavage fluid improved the accuracy of staging and selection of patients who might have benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Radical surgical treatment of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma might be done with an acceptable morbidity and mortality if it is performed by the surgeons with the experience in D2 lymphadenectomy technique. A diameter of the tumor> 5 cm, and splenectomy, and/or splenopancreatectomy are the most important risk factors for the occurrence of complications and modifications of D2 lymphadenectomy technique with limited indications for splenic and/or pancreas resection can improve treatment results. An individual approach and the appropriate selection of the surgical procedure are necessary in patients older than 70 years.

Thyroid gland has been rarely presented in the works of old anatomists. Working as illustrators of anatomy, these great artists have had an invaluable importance for the development of anatomic knowledge, and some of their works are a subject of examination even in our time.