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AN chewing adversely affects systemic health by damaging the vital organs.

The orthodontic treatment of patients on bisphosphonates is becoming an increasing aspect of contemporary practice. This article will draw attention to the chemical structure and effects of these drugs on bone and will provide the latest recommendations to avoid potential sequelae.

Mini-dental implants (MDIs) are defined as dental implants with a diameter of less than 3 mm, made of the same biocompatible material as conventional dental implants. Their use to replace missing teeth as well as to support complete overdentures is very well documented in the literature. Additional indications for their use include placement in interdental spaces with insufficient space to warrant placement of conventional dental implants and in cases where surgical bone augmentation procedures are contraindicated. In general, MDIs are less invasive, require less time, result in less post-operative morbidity and are more cost effective in comparison to conventional dental implants. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental implants are the fastest growing area in dentistry and MDIs have been exhibiting an increase in popularity. They are considered a viable treatment option due to their associated decreased surgical morbidity, their clinical efficiency with immediate-loading being the norm and above all cost-effectiveness.