Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) regulates the monocyte/macrophage system, which is an essential component of cancer development. Therefore, CSF-1R might be an effective target for anti-cancer therapy. The overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β stimulated clone-22 (TSC-22) inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, and TSC-22 is emerging as a key factor in tumorigenesis. In this study, we discovered CSF-1R as a new interacting partner of TSC-22 and identified its elevated expression in cervical cancer cells. In particular, we found that TSC-22 interacted with the intracellular tyrosine kinase insert domain (539–749) of CSF-1R, which activates the AKT and ERK signaling pathways. This binding blocked AKT and ERK signaling, thereby suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. The overexpression of TSC-22 significantly decreased CSF-1R protein levels, affecting their autocrine loop. TSC-22 injected into a xenograft mouse model of human cervical cancer markedly inhibited tumor growth. The reduction of CSF-1R protein significantly suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation and motility and induces apoptotic cell death. This association between TSC-22 and CSF-1R could be used as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker for cervical cancer.

This study explored the effects of long working hours (LW) and night work (NW) on subjective well-being and the modifying effects of work creativity and task variety (WCTV) and occupation. In addition, we examined the influence of working time-related variables including working-time mismatch, variability, shift work, and autonomy on the effects of LW and NW. This study used data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey on 50,205 workers. LW and NW were defined as 52–60 h (L1) or >60 h (L2) per week, and 1–10 days (N1) or >10 days (N2) of night work per month. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the effects of LW and NW and the modifying influences of WCTV and occupation. Differences in ORs of LW and NW caused by working time-related variables were investigated, to determine effect sizes and directions. A high level of WCTV alleviated the risks of LW and NW. White-collar workers were more vulnerable to the risk associated with NW. Regarding working-time related variables, working-time mismatch and variability increased the risks of LW and NW, respectively, while shift work alleviated the risks of NW. In countries where flexible work systems are not well utilized, working-time autonomy might not be associated with the risk of LW or NW. This study showed that it is necessary to comprehensively consider the occupation and task characteristics of individual workers performing LW or NW. Further studies of the modifying effects of working time-related variables on LW and NW are needed.

Executive function (EF) encompasses a variety of cognitive domains that are deeply related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which has a wide range of negative effects on life. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of allergic diseases on EF development, and the relationship between EF and ADHD. This study used data from the 8th-11th Panel Study on Korean Children in 2015-2018. The data were based on an annual follow-up survey of 1,156 children from the age of 7 to 10. The EF was composed of 3 sub-areas in this study: planning-organization, behavior control, and emotional control. History of allergic diseases was investigated in the 8th wave and included asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and allergic dermatitis (AD). Attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADH) problem was measured based on the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18. Children with a history of asthma or AR generally showed more EF difficulties, but there were differences according to the diseases and sub-areas of EF. Asthma and AR also increased the correlation between EF difficulties and the ADH problem scale. In addition, the development of emotional control showed a different trajectory according to a history of asthma. We suggested that the relationship between allergic diseases and EF could be explained by structural changes in EF with age. In addition, allergic diseases may have a stronger association with inattention symptoms of ADHD, rather than hyperactive-impulsivity symptoms. The problem of EF difficulties associated with allergic diseases may be the key to understanding the relationship between allergic diseases and ADHD.