No abstract

In recent years, to alleviate and resolve the traffic problems in China, the government introduced a series of policies to subsidize public transportation. Accordingly, to effectively implement these financial subsidies, the formulation of a scientific model of urban public transport subsidy calculation, strict control of the total amount of financial subsidies, and clear identification of subsidy targets are necessary. In this study, a linear dual model is developed based on the principle of resource allocation and the economic meaning of shadow prices. The public transportation system of a city in China is considered an example, and both public transport operators and public interest stakeholders are considered. The subsidy calculation for service quality improvement is established for public transportation operations and vehicle transformation. Based on the validation using the above example, the calculation result is found to approximate the actual value, indicating the feasibility of the proposed model. Finally, this article presents suggestions pertaining to subsidy mechanism, operating environment, and service quality as a reference for urban public transport subsidies.

No abstract

This study examines the satisfaction degree of the transportation convenient level by the questionnaire survey and the spatial characteristics by the method of spatial autocorrelation in order to reveal the transportation problems as a consequence of rapid urban development in the city of Beijing. The results demonstrated that the satisfaction degree of traffic congestion was the lowest and the satisfaction degree of transportation convenient level in suburb was lower than it in central city. The supply of traffic facilities, the pattern of resident traffic mode, the road system organization, and the land-use type in a fast expansion were the important causes. According to the research, three major reasons of urban expansion issues are detected. The first reason is lack of comprehensive development planning mechanism to associate the land use with urban transit system which resulted in the lack of transportation facilities. Secondly, Beijing's ring-road structure cannot afford rapid traffic growth and become a main reason to cause traffic congestion. Thirdly, land-use type is deep cause of transportation problems. This study also gave some suggestion in order to minimize the negative aspects: "control" and "regulation" are the two ways to solve the traffic problem; urban spatial expansion oriented by the public transportation and service is the efficient pattern of spatial expansion.