The α2-glycine receptors (GlyRs) play important roles during early central nervous system development. However, these receptors' possible involvement in neurodevelopmental events occurring in the adult brain remains to be explored. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is the process by which new granule cell neurons are added to the dentate gyrus (DG) throughout adulthood. In this study, we observed that hippocampal adult neural stem cells (ANSCs) express α2-containing GlyRs. Pharmacological inhibition of GlyRs by strychnine or picrotoxin decreased the proliferation of ANSCs, both in vivo and in vitro. Mice knockout for glra2, the gene coding for the GlyR α2 subunit, were determined to display impaired AHN, and this phenomenon was accompanied by deficits in spatial memory. These results, which reveal neurodevelopmental roles for α2-GlyRs in the adult brain, may be clinically relevant, given that a mutation in GLAR2, as well as AHN impairments, have been reported in autism spectrum disorder. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1430-1441, 2017.

The low-frequency magnetic field attenuation of fiberreinforced laminated composite cylinders is analyzed, based on a model which treats the composite cylinder as a multi-layered enclosure and then assumes that each layer is homogeneous and anisotropic. In this study, an analogy between isotropic and anisotropic cylinders is derived. Based on the analogy relationship, numerical results for magnetic field attenuation are p r e sented for [0"/90"] graphite/epoxy cylinders. In particular, the parameters to influence the magnetic field attenuation, such as the geometry and material properties, are investigated in detail.

As the trend of consumer electronics and mobile communications devices is obviously developing toward to miniature and high-speed processing, the problem involving with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) or radio frequency interference (RFI) is becoming more critical for the system integration of high-speed digital and RF mixed signal platforms. This paper is mainly focusing on the characteristics analysis of various electromagnetic shielding materials by utilizing the various shielding effectiveness (SE) measuring methods developed by TDK and ASTM (ASTM D4935). We also adopt the electromagnetic interference (EMI) testing methods developed by IEC for chip level (IEC 61967-3 and IEC 61967-6) to investigate the characteristics and distribution of EMI noise sources. To effectively shield the electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic field originated from noise source, we thus analyze the shielding capability for various materials with different measuring methods. Finally, we will show the EMI reduction and RF performance improvement with implementation of shielding material on module under investigated. With the systematic measurement and analysis described in this paper, we can further identify the related EMI problem and resolve the severe chip or module level EMC problem more effectively.