Abstract. Managing the crisis caused by natural disasters, and especially by floods, requires the development of effective evacuation systems. An effective evacuation system must take into account certain constraints, including those related to traffic network, accessibility, human resources and material equipment (vehicles, collecting points, etc.). The main objective of this work is to provide assistance to technical services and rescue forces in terms of accessibility by offering itineraries relating to rescue and evacuation of people and property. We consider in this paper the evacuation of an urban area of medium size exposed to the hazard of flood. In case of inundation, most people will be evacuated using their own vehicles. Two evacuation types are addressed in this paper: (1) a preventive evacuation based on a flood forecasting system and (2) an evacuation during the disaster based on flooding scenarios. The two study sites on which the developed evacuation model is applied are the Tours valley (Fr, 37), which is protected by a set of dikes (preventive evacuation), and the Gien valley (Fr, 45), which benefits from a low rate of flooding (evacuation before and during the disaster). Our goal is to construct, for each of these two sites, a chronological evacuation plan, i.e., computing for each individual the departure date and the path to reach the assembly point (also called shelter) according to a priority list established for this purpose. The evacuation plan must avoid the congestion on the road network. Here we present a spatiotemporal optimization model (STOM) dedicated to the evacuation of the population exposed to natural disasters and more specifically to flood risk.

The present work aims to discuss some managerial problems regarding the design process of steel structured building construction, focusing on the initial phases of design development. As a tool of process analysis, interviews were conducted with design offices that are specialized in steel structures in Belo Horizonte city. Brazil. Other players dealing with buildings that use steel structures (design coordinators and contractors) were also interviewed, because they too influence the design process of steel structures in building

Minjid Maizia Energy in cities and urban morphology An analysis of buildings in Paris. Estimating the energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions of buildings is possible for old building stock using methods from urban morphology combined with knowledge of construction and thermal engineering. The energy question encourages us to develop a scientific approach to the existing building fabric, as a thermal study of buildings in Paris shows.

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