The layer-based random-phase approximation is further developed to investigate electronic excitations in tri-layer ABC-stacked graphene. All the layer-dependent atomic interactions and Coulomb interactions are included in the dynamic charge screening. There exist rich and unique (momentum, frequency)-excitation phase diagrams, in which the complex single-particle excitations and five kinds of plasmon modes, are dominated by the unusual energy bands and doping carrier densities.The latter frequently experience the significant Landau damping due to the former, leading to the coexistence/destruction in the energy loss spectra. Specifically, the dispersion of the only acoustic plasmon in pristine case is dramatically changed from linear into quadratic even at very low doping.

The polarity and mechanism of terahertz radiation from native n-type InN excited by femtosecond optical pulses are investigated. The optical properties, electron concentrations, and crystalline quality are characterized by photoluminescence and Raman scattering spectra. The electron concentrations are estimated to be between 0:35 Â 10 19 and 3:87 Â 10 19 cm À3 . The polarity of terahertz radiation field from the samples with higher electron concentrations is opposite to that from p-InAs, indicating that the dominant radiation mechanism is the drift current. However, the samples with lower electron concentrations show the same polarity as p-InAs. Under this condition, the radiation mechanism is dominated by the photo-Dember effect.