The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore and develop the process of self-empowerment for primary caregivers responsible for caring for elderly with dementia. Nine primary caregivers who lived in northern Taiwan were interviewed through a theoretical sampling procedure. In-depth, face-to-face interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The grounded theory method was applied for analyzing data. The six main components that emerged in this model: "filial piety", "feeling of out of control", "inner awareness", "care ability", "emotion reconstruction", and "life management". This model starts from "filial piety" and "feeling of out of control," then evokes caregivers' "inner awareness". The inner awareness powerfully influences caregivers' "care ability", "emotion reconstruction" and "life management," which account for the three inner mechanism parts in their caregiving experience. Each part comprises three stages that are influenced by "inner awareness". The lower stage of each part supports the next higher stage. The same stages in all parts parallel one another, and influence each other by providing support or creating barriers. On the other side, competition between support and barriers from the outside environment determines the completion of this self-empowerment process. Results of this research extend the knowledge in understanding the psychological processes related to caring for elderly with dementia. The findings also provide readers a positive viewpoint on the caring experiences of primary caregivers of elderly with dementia.