No abstract

With the development of urbanization, kitchen waste and garden waste have become an important part of municipal solid waste (MSW), which is in urgent need of resource treatment. This study investigated the impacts of garden waste as auxiliary materials on maturity and odor emissions (NH3 and H2S) during kitchen waste composting. The result showed that the combined composting product of kitchen waste and garden waste achieved the maturity effect, and the co-composting effect was better than that of separate composting of kitchen waste. Meanwhile, compared with the separate composting treatment of kitchen waste, the co-composting treatment of kitchen waste and garden waste can effectively reduce the cumulative emissions of H2S by more than 85%, and effectively reduce the cumulative emissions of NH3 by more than 75%. This study provides a technical reference for the green fertilizer utilization of kitchen waste and garden waste.

The significant influence of interfacial resistance on the overall mass transfer performance, especially for catalysis with zeolites, has attracted a lot of attention, but the understanding on entering-pore processes is still very limited in comparison with that on intracrystalline diffusion processes. Evaluating entering probabilities still depends frequently on the expressions derived from hard sphere (HS) simulations where substantial approximations exist. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to elucidate the interfacial barriers involved in methane and p-xylene (PX) molecules entering the ZSM-5 zeolite. The entering probabilities have been derived accordingly, along with the occupancy distributions and the residence time distributions of the incident molecules. The results have been compared with those of HS simulations in the literature as well. It is observed that the occupancy distribution of these two species exhibits peaks along the entering paths, reflecting the apparent resistance due to adsorption, which cannot be revealed through HS simulations. Bimodal distributions have also been observed, which can be attributed to the coexistence of the separate adsorption and entering-pore processes. With the increase in temperature, such peaks tend to level off, approaching the results of HS simulations. The entering probabilities of these two species approach the results from HS simulations as well at high temperatures. Because the entering probabilities of the two species show different decreasing slopes with temperature, at low temperatures, the entering probability of PX molecules can be higher than that of methane molecules. However, the entering rate of the PX molecules is always quite lower than that of the methane molecules because of its much longer residence time. Such phenomena have been explained on the basis of entropic and energetic effects. Based on a pseudo-reaction model, the results of the entering probabilities have been well fitted, and an expression has been proposed accordingly, which is expected to be applied to large-scale models. Because such an expression is developed on a more sophisticated ground than HS simulations, its applications might lead to more satisfactory results.

Mental nerve (MN) injury is the most common complications of genioplasty; to protect the MN and oral mucosa, the authors invent and validate the appropriate retractors for genioplasty, and which can avoid the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip, chin, and the vestibular gingiva of the mandibular incisor from paresthesia or dysesthesia. The patent application for the appropriate retractors for genioplasty is already submitted (Patent No 201610164563.3, China). The retractors provide a better surgical visual field and improve the operation efficiency while reducing the risk of surgery. And the method is simple, safe, efficient, and laborsaving.