Eriocaulon buergerianum is a common Chinese medicinal herb and belongs to the family Eriocaulaceae genus Eriocaulon the annual herbs. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of E. buergerianum was assembled and reported. The complete chloroplast genome of E. buergerianum is 157,016 bp in length as the circular, which harbours a large single-copy region (LSC) of 81,534 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,114 bp, and two inverted-repeat regions (IRs) of 26,393 bp each one. The overall nucleotide content of the chloroplast genome: A of 31.8%, T of 32.4%, C of 18.2% G of 17.6%, and 35.8% GC content. The chloroplast genome of E. buergerianum contains 133 genes, which includes 88 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 transfer RNA (tRNAs), and 8 ribosome RNA (rRNAs). The evolutionary analysis used neighbour-joining (NJ) method and the result showed that E. buergerianum was closely related to Eriocaulon sexangulare in the family Eriocaulaceae. This study will be helpful for genome data and genomic resources of the family Eriocaulaceae for further.