No abstract

The purpose of the current research is to introduce the New Institutional Economics (NIE) with the focus placed on Bulgarian agriculture. On the one hand, this includes the description of institutional impact on the separate actors, operating within agricultural organizations. On the other hand, attention should be paid to the way in which the transaction costs of different economic agents are measured. Another aspect of great significance for the study is the application of this approach. This means to adjust the specific research frameworks. The article also includes a methodical dimension. Five methods have been presented: (1) a method for evaluation of the impact of institutional change on adaptability; (2) a method for evaluation of institutional alternatives on a micro-level by measuring transaction costs; (3) a method for evaluation of the effects of change in different time periods; (4) a method for evaluation of processes through the number and type of transactions; (5) a method for analysis of the relation between property rights and transactions for assessment of asset specificity. The methods can integrate various types of evaluation of one and the same economic organization (system) in a single analytical framework.

This study aims to clarify the firm in neo-institutional context. The firm is a particularly dynamic, constantly evolving process and an organizational structure. The firm is a symbiosis of entities, internal and external regulations, market and non-market mechanisms and relations, legal and economic conditions and effects. In the legal aspect, it is the sum of relationships developing inside and outside the scope of the organization legal process through which the property is managed. Economically, it is an organization created to profit from the production optimum. In the neo-institutional context, it is an abstract mechanism to control processes -on the one hand legal, economic, social and other administrative, marketing and arbitration -Contract processes. These companies have resources to create a balance between the costs behavioral resources for speed and security. The assessment of such corporate efficiency is based on transaction costs.

The theory of agricultural land mobility tries to answer the question whether or not it is possible to produce more and cheaper agricultural goods through land consolidation. Acquisition, inheritance, and in the Bulgarian case also the use of property of agricultural lands, are an instrument for the vertical and real/literal integration of the farmers. However, they indirectly affect the access to agricultural land.

Àãðàðåí óíèâåðñèòåò -Ïëîâäèâ ÀÃÐÀÐÍÈ ÍÀÓÊÈ Ãîäèíà III Áðîé 5 2011 53 ÂÚÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ Çà èçìèíàëèòå äâàäåñåò ãîäèíè ïàçàðúò íà çåìåäåëñêè çåìè ñå ïðåâúðíà â íàé-èçñëåäâàíàòà òåìà ñðåä àãðàðèêîíîìèñòèòå â ñòðàíàòà. Êàòî îñíîâåí ïðîáëåì íà òîçè ïàçàð, êàêòî è çà öÿëîòî íè çåìåäåëèå, ÷åñòî ïúòè ñå öèòèðà íà÷èíúò íà âðúùàíå íà çåìÿòà è êàòî ðåçóëòàò îò òîâà -ðàçäðîáÿâàíåòî é íà âñå ïî-ìàëêè ó÷àñòúöè. Âúïðåêè ÷å ïðàâèëíî ñå îò÷èòà, ÷å ñåãàøíîòî ñúñòîÿíèåòî íà ïàçàðà å ïîñëåäèöà îò äåéñòâèåòî íà èíñòèòóöèîíàëíè ïðåäïîñòàâêè, àâòîðèòå, ðàáîòåùè â îáëàñòòà íà ïîçåìëåíèòå îòíîøåíèÿ, íå ñòèãàò äî äúëáî÷èíàòà íà ïðîáëåìà. Ñúñòîÿíèåòî íà ïàçàðà íà çåìåäåëñêèòå çåìè è ñâúðçàíàòà ñ íåãî ñîáñòâåíîñò å â ïðè÷èííî-ñëåäñòâåíà âðúçêà îò öÿëîñòíèÿ è èíòåãðèðàí íà÷èí íà âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ìåaeäó ôîðìàëíèòå è íåôîðìàëíèòå Àãðàðåí óíèâåðñèòåò -Ïëîâäèâ Agricultural University -Plovdiv E-mail: mm72gg@gbg.bg Ðåçþìå Kîîðäèíàöèÿòà â êîíòðàêòèòå ñúñ çåìåäåëñêè çåìè â ñòðàíàòà e îñíîâåí ïðîáëåì çà òîçè ïàçàð. Öåëòà íà èçñëåäâàíåòî å ÷ðåç àíàëèç íà òðàíñàêöèèòå è òåõíèòå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè äà ñå îöåíè ñúñòîÿíèåòî íà èíñòèòóöèîíàëíàòà ñðåäà, èìàùà îòíîøåíèå êúì ïàçàðà íà çåìåäåëñêè çåìè è äà ñå íàáåëåaeàò ìåðêè çà íåéíîòî óñúâúðøåíñòâàíå. Èçïîëçâàíèòå ìåòîäè ñà: êîëè÷åñòâåí è ñðàâíèòåëåí èíñòèòóöèîíàëåí àíàëèç, ÷ðåç êîèòî ñå èçñëåäâà êàê ïðîìåíèòå â çàêîíîäàòåëñòâîòî ñà ïîâëèÿëè íà ñðåäíèÿ áðîé íà òðàíñàêöèèòå; äèñêðåòíîñòðóêòóðåí àíàëèç íà òðàíñàêöèèòå, ÷ðåç êîèòî ñå èçÿñíÿâàò ñïåöèôè÷íîñòòà, ïîâòîðÿåìîñòòà è íåîïðåäåëåíîñòòà èì, êîåòî ïîêàçâà êàê þðèäè÷åñêàòà ôîðìà îïðåäåëÿ êîîðäèíàöèÿòà âúòðå â êîíòðàêòèòå. Ïîëó÷åíè ðåçóëòàòè: (1) ñðåäíèÿò áðîé íà òðàíñàêöèèòå ñå óâåëè÷àâà ïðåç ãîäèíèòå, êàòî å ïðàâîïðîïîðöèîíàëeí íà ïðîìåíèòå â çàêîíîäàòåëñòâîòî; (2) êîîðäèíàöèÿòà e ñâúðçàíà ñ èçïîëçâàíåòî íà ãîëÿì áðîé äîêóìåíòè; (3) áðîÿò íà ïèñìåíèòå ôîðìàëíè äîêóìåíòè å âèñîê, âúïðåêè ÷å ïîñëåäíèòå ïðåäñòàâëÿâàò òðàíñàêöèè, êîèòî ìîãàò äà áúäàò çàìåíÿíè ñ àëòåðíàòèâíè, îñíîâàíè íà ïî-åâòèíàòà, åëåêòðîííîèíôîðìàöèîííà òåõíîëîãèÿ. Èçáðîåíîòî å ïðåäïîñòàâêà çà âèñîêà ñïåöèôè÷íîñò, ïîâòîðÿåìîñò è íåîïðåäåëåíîñò íà êîíòðàêòèòå ñúñ çåìåäåëñêè çåìè â ñòðàíàòà è îòòàì -çà óâåëè÷àâàíå ðàçìåðà íà îáùèòå òðàíñàêöèîííè ðàçõîäè â òåçè êîíòðàêòè. AbstractContract coordination in the land market is a major problem for Bulgarian agriculture.The aim of the study is, on the basis of the analysis of the transactions and the institutional environment in the agricultural land market, to identify measures for its improvement. The methods used in the study are as follows: quantitative and comparative institutional analysis which examines how changes in legislation affect the average number of transactions; discrete structural analysis, which clarifies the specificity, frequency and uncertainty of transactions and shows the coordination within contracts. The results from the study point that: (1) the average number of transactions has increased over the years, (2) the coordination happens through a high number of documents, (3) the number of formal, written documents is high, although they ...