Burn injuries, generally have continued to attract the attention of researchers all over the world. Burn injuries rank among the most severe types of injuries suffered by the human body with an attendant high mortality and morbidity rate.1 Developing countries have a high incidence of burn injuries, creating a formidable public health problem. High population density, illiteracy, and poverty are the main demographic factors associated with a high risk of burn injury. The exact number of burn injury is diffi cult to determine. Judicious extrapolation suggests that in India, with a population of over 1 billion, 700 000 to

Background:The term "THYROID DIABETES" was coined in early literature to depict the influence of thyroid hormone excess in deterioration of glucose control. Although autoimmune thyroid disease is more prevalent in Type1 Diabetes mellitus as a result of their common origin, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is supposed to be similar to that of general population in patient with type2 DM. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus and to correlate thyroid abnormalities with insulin resistance and serum markers for autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods: 120 cases of type2 diabetes mellitus patients satisfying WHO criteria without pre-existing thyroid disease were included in the study. Thyroid function test, fasting serum insulin was done.HOMA-IR & HOMA-B (HOMA-Homeostatic model assessment) was calculated. Serum antithyroid peroxidase anibody (anti-TPO) and antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) and ANA were done. Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type2 diabetes mellitus was 28.33% according to our study, which included overt hypothyroidism (15%), subclinical hypothyroidism (8.33%), secondary hypothyroidism (0.83%), overt hyperthyroidism (1.67%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (2.5%). Anti TPO and anti TG antibodies were elevated in 62.07% cases of hypothyroidism, 40% cases of hyperthyroidism and 6.9% euthyroid cases of type2 DM. Anti TPO and antiTG antibodies were significantly raised in type2DM patient with hypothroidism than that of euthyroid (p value<0.0001).Compared to euthyroid diabetics, hypothyroid cases had lower values of insulin resistance markers like fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. Hyperthyoid cases had higher values. Conclusion: Hyperthyroid diabetics have higher insulin resistance as fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B showed negative correlation with TSH. (p value<0.05).

Abstract

Background:A dominant thyroid nodule (swelling) is a discrete swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity. About 30% of thyroid nodules are dominant. The important aspect in evaluation of dominant thyroid nodule is to exclude malignancy. Aims and Objectives: 1) to determine incidence of dominant thyroid nodule in relation with age and sex. 2) to determine the functional status of thyroid in dominant nodule. 3) to determine role of FNAC to diagnose a case of dominant thyroid nodule 4) incidence of malignancy among dominant thyroid nodule cases. Materials and Methods: All patients attending surgery OPD at BSMCH between the study periods of August 2013 to July 2016 with clinically and radiologically proven dominant thyroid nodule were included in this study. Patients with solitary or recurrent nodules were excluded. Results: Total of 147 patients were included in his study, with 86% of them being female, mean age of presentation was 38.35 yrs, and commonest age group being 5 th decade. Only one patient had secondary hyperthyroidism. FNAC reports reveled 79 % benign etiology, 16 % malignant etiology, 4% intermediate etiology, 1% suspicious to be malignant. Sensitivity of FNAC was 73.3%, and specificity 97.2% to diagnose malignant etiology. The frequency of malignancy was 21.1%. Conclusion: Thyroid nodule is commonest presentation in various thyroid diseases mainly seen in females and in 5 th decade and presents as thyroid cyst, colloid nodule, thyroid neoplasm, and thyroiditis. USG and FNAC has established role in evaluation of the nature of thyroid nodule and its management. Pressure symptoms requires surgery. Toxic nodules are mainly treated with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine and occasionally surgery, but malignant thyroid nodule mainly treated with total thyroidectomy. Key words: Dominant thyroid nodule, Incidence of thyroid nodule in female, Role of radiology and FNAC in evaluation and management of thyroid nodule. Access this article online Website:http://nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer in women. BC represents a heterogeneous group of tumors that are diverse in behavior, outcome, and response to therapy. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess various clinical parameters and to evaluate correlation with histo-pathological grading in breast carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Surgical outpatient department and Indoor surgical wards of Deben Mahato Sadar Hospital (DMSH), Purulia, West Bengal from July, 2019 to December, 2020. 104 patients with diagnosis of BC aged between 20 years to 80 years were selected. Results: Among 104 patients, 41.3% patients were in the group of 41-50years. This study revealed that the patient had mostly IDC i.e. 78.8% and had triple negative BC (51.9%). Association of HPE vs. Stage, subtypes vs stage and Tru-cut biopsy vs HPE were statistically significant. Conclusion: The study showed that breast cancer tends to present in middle aged women and positively correlate with the present markers of bad prognosis.