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The impact of dietary phytoestrogens on human health has been a topic of continuous debate since their discovery. Nowadays, based on their presumptive beneficial effects, the amount of phytoestrogens consumed in the daily diet has increased considerably worldwide. Thus, there is a growing need for scientific data regarding their mode of action in the human body. Recently, new insights of phytoestrogens’ bioavailability and metabolism have demonstrated an inter-and intra-population heterogeneity of final metabolites’ production. In addition, the phytoestrogens may have the ability to modulate epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. This review highlights the complexity and particularity of the metabolism of each class of phytoestrogens, pointing out the diversity of their bioactive gut metabolites. Futhermore, it presents emerging scientific data which suggest that, among well-known genistein and resveratrol, other phytoestrogens and their gut metabolites can act as epigenetic modulators with a possible impact on human health. The interconnection of dietary phytoestrogens’ consumption with gut microbiota composition, epigenome and related preventive mechanisms is discussed. The current challenges and future perspectives in designing relevant research directions to explore the potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens are also explored.

The aim of this paper is to create a large geometrical background which to allow the including of famous equations of mathematical physics (Maxwell or Einstein equations) as particular cases. The construction is realized on the jet fibre bundle J 1 ðT; MÞ ! T Â M, whose local coordinates are ðt a

The kinetic adsorption of p-cresol from aqueous solution onto mesoporous activated carbon was investigated for 100, 500 and 1000 mg L-1 initial concentrations, at constant 295 K temperature. The kinetic of the adsorption process was discussed using three kinetic models, i.e., pseudo-first order kinetic model, pseudo-second order kinetic model, and Avrami fractionary order kinetic model. In order to provide a mathematically rigorous method for evaluating the kinetic parameters using the original form of the kinetic models, the nonlinear regression was selected as most viable algorithm. The common statistical tools was employed to check the accuracy of fit measure, namely, sum of the squares of the errors SSE, reduced sum of the squares of the errors Red-SSE, coefficient of determination R2, adjusted coefficient of determination Adj R2 and standard deviation SD.