Incidents with IEDs containing metallic elements in the vicinity of the explosive substance pose a high degree of risk, endangering safety, peace and public order. In such situations, the methods and procedures applied as response by the authorities are cumbersome and risky, given the improvised nature of these incidents. In this paper we intend to analyze the destructive effect of explosive substances on certain metallic materials and we focus on a U-shaped metallic structure.

The emergence and evolution of modern learning theories and artificial intelligence technologies have left their mark on education of all levels, but also on other areas of activity, thus facilitating the work of people able to operate with them. Speaking especially of the field of higher education, we can appreciate that this field has been “invaded” by intelligent technologies, generating an increase in the offer of courses, a higher number of students and “recognizing distance learning as an educational model ˮ. We shall further present some of the theories of modern learning, as well as the role of smart technologies recommended for use in modern education.

All media, from states that have sent military structures to Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, etc., have commented and continue to comment extensively on the effects of military outbreaks of improvised explosive devices, abbreviated IED. Many civilians are rightly wondering what an IED is and what destructive performance it records as a result of its coming into operation by different means. Years ago it was found that there were also some soldiers who did not have much knowledge about IEDs and consequently lost their lives, especially in Iraq, but also in Afghanistan, because they did not have the necessary and sufficient training, based on which to be able to apply procedures if they discovered these „tools of death”, located on the ground or at targets, or when trying to help their comrades seriously injured by the explosions of these devices. In those conditions, the military decision-makers imposed the implementation in the combat manuals of EOD protection. With all the measures taken, by the military decision-makers, the IEDs continued to make new victims in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, etc., among the local defense forces, the multinational Coalition military, the civilian population, the animals used as suicide bombers, etc. Starting from this finding and knowing what was written about these „tools of death” through combat manuals and specialized articles, developed by the military based on the lessons learned from the „dust” of Iraq and Afghanistan, I intend, through this paper, to try to put together some information that will provide further insights into IEDs and the danger it poses to local defense forces, to the Alliance’s military and civilian population, who are on Afghan ground.

The applications highlighted the fact that, in crisis situations and war time, there were military negotiations, in which the partners have proven their unfairness and stiffness. The inflexibility and unfairness of the negotiator resides in the fact that he used incorrect tactics⦋1], especially subterfuges, for obtaining advantages. About this negotiating partner we would like to have the following discussion.

The insecurity area from the proximity of the Romanian territory has always been dynamic, fluid and characterized by insecurity issues. In such context, Romania could never be able to preserve the national security by its own powers. For eliminating such major deficiencies, Romania has made efforts towards the integration made efforts towards the integration in certain alliances that would give it security guarantees. Nevertheless, Romania has not relied in exclusivity on alliances for preserving the national security. From this perspective, Romania has prepared its own forces and means to fulfil this objective, until the potential alliance forces intervention. This attitude is maintained in the present days, when Romania is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty, and unless the activation of the 5th article of the Treaty, it must provide the national defence through its own forces and means. Still, according to our opinion, these forces and means destined to serve such purpose are insufficient and, consequently, they should be supplemented with other forces and means generated by the constitution of the National Guard, this compensating for the existing deficit. We consider that by taking this direction, we could go back to the long-lasting tradition of the National Guard in Romania, and to the example of the most powerful armies in the world: SUA, Great Britain, France etc. Starting from these considerations, we would like to further speak about the constitution of the National Guard in Romania.