RESUMEN:El objetivo fue realizar una evaluación antropométrica de ambos hemisferios corporales en nadadores adolescentes. La muestra estuvo formada por 83 nadadores (52 hombres y 31 mujeres) con una edad media de 15,21±1,90 años. Sus valores antropométricos fueron analizados en función de las siguientes variables: edad, género, años de entrenamiento, estilo de nado (simultá-neo o alternativo), lado dominante, lado no dominante, lado de respiración, peso y estatura, con el fin de determinar la existencia o no de diferencias en la composición de cada lado del cuerpo del nadador. Para evaluar la composición corporal se utilizaron: pliegues (tricipital, subescapular, bicipital, cresta iliaca, supraespinal, abdominal, anterior del muslo y pierna), longitudes (brazo, antebrazo, mano, muslo, pie y pierna), perímetros (brazo relajado, brazo flexionado, antebrazo, muñeca, muslo, pierna y tobillo) y diámetros (muñeca, mano, pie, bimaleolar, húmero y fémur). También fueron determinados otros valores como: la masa grasa, muscular, residual, ósea y sus porcentajes, así como el sumatorio de pliegues y el cálculo del somatotipo. Los datos obtenidos mostraron que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medidas tomadas a cada lado corporal de los nadadores, incluso cuando éstas fueron analizadas desde las variables, años de entrenamiento y estilo de nado. La práctica continua e intensa de la natación durante las etapas de crecimiento, no provoca asimetrías corporales entre ambos lados de los nadadores, incluso con técnica de nado alternativo, corroborando que la natación es un deporte de trabajo muscular completo y de composición corporal equilibrada.PALABRAS CLAVE: Antropometría; Natación; Composición corporal; Somatotipo. INTRODUCCIÓNLa natación es un deporte en el que intervienen simultáneamente, tanto el tren superior como el inferior. En su práctica, se consideran cuatro estilos o técnicas de nado (crol, espalda, braza y mariposa), cada uno de los cuales requiere un trabajo muscular distinto. Durante el periodo de aprendizaje todos los nadadores practican los cuatro estilos, pero las características físicas o las cualidades personales hacen que terminen especializándose en uno o dos estilos, siendo pocos los nadadores que destacan en todas las disciplinas.Los estilos de la natación podemos dividirlos en: simultáneos (mariposa y braza) y alternativos (crol y espalda), según se precise que cada lado corporal actúe simultá-nea o alternativamente. Dado que el nadador debe seguir una línea lo más recta posible para recorrer la menor distancia, está claro que en todas las técnicas de nado, ambos hemisferios corporales deben trabajar con intensidades similares, de lo contrario, el nadador sufriría desplazamientos con su correspondiente coste energético.El entrenamiento de la natación requiere de un trabajo de varias sesiones semanales lo que, con los años, genera cambios morfofuncionales. Numerosos estudios han determinado las características antropométricas de los nadadores de alto rendimiento en función ...
A B S T R A C T The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the two new rules tested at the inaugural U23 Men
The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of point-scoring plays related to level of set win and in-game role under experimental rules tested at the U23 Men's Volleyball World Championship in Uberlandia, Brazil (21-point set, 15 seconds between points) from the 16th point in the first four sets and the 10th point in the fifth set. The analysis of 1335 points from 123 sets in 36 matches played by 144 males (average age 21.1±1.4 years) focused on in-game role (setter, outside hitter, middle blocker, opposite, libero), final score, finishing point actions (serve-ace, three attack types, three counter attack types, block), set outcome (Win-Lose), and level of set win (Walkover-Balanced-Tough). Pearson's Chi-Square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that the difference in the structure of won and lost points decreased from walkover to balanced to tough sets. Attack-spike and block were the most frequently executed technical elements. Outside-hitter was identified as the in-game role that finished more points, followed by Opposite and Middle blockers. If the tested rules are applied, developing the block, serve and attacks may have greater influence on set outcome in the future.
The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric profile of top Optimist sailors to examine how anthropometric variables influence their performance, taking the wind conditions into account. The study comprised 180 sailors (158 males and 22 females) aged 11-15 years competing in the Optimist World Sailing Championship held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, from 23 July to 3 August 2003. A descriptive correlational design was used. Assessments were made before and during the championship. The variables studied were body weight, height, arm span, lengths, fat tissue, muscle tissue, somatotype and performance level, in relation to race finishing place. The mean characteristics presented by the Top Group (sailors ranked 1 to 45) were: body weight (48.3 ± 6.4 kg), height (159.9 ± 5.4 cm), arm span (167.4 ± 6.5 cm), trunk length (37.2 ± 3 cm), lower limb length (90.7 ± 3.9 cm), fat tissue (10.5 ± 1.6%), muscle tissue (45.5 ± 2.1%) and somatotype (endomorphy 2.4 ± 0.9; mesomorphy 4 ± 2.5 and ectomorphy 3.3 ± 0.9). A close relation was observed between finishing place and the variables of weight, height, age, arm span, lower limb length, upper arm girth, sum of skinfolds, muscle weight, bone weight and residual weight. Top sailors tend to be mesoectomorphic, with significant values for muscle mass and linearity and low fat content.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of new rules tested at the inaugural Men's Under 23 (U23) World Championship (set to 21 points and 15 seconds between the end of a point and the new serve) on all aspects of time in volleyball matches. The study sample comprised 36 matches partially segmented into 123 sets and 4583 points played. Applying one-way ANOVA, it was shown that the active part of the set and the whole match last slightly more than one third of the total time. The most frequent rally duration was 5 to 10 seconds (43.5% of points). As sets became more unpredictable and approached the end, rest time between points was longer. Time analysis of volleyball matches is important as it helps with proper development of physical preparation for players, gives coaches insight into appropriate match flow and provides a clear time frame of each part of a volleyball match for organisers of competitive events, pools, championships and tournaments.
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