Two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersections are one of the most common forms of at-grade roadway junctions in the world. These intersections are typically located where a minor road intersects or joins a major roadway and stop signs are placed on the minor approaches. When the major roadway and the traffic that it carries go straight through the intersection, it is a standard TWSC intersection. In many places, however, the prevailing traffic and the major roadway do not continue straight through the intersection. In such cases, the major roadway bends at an angle at the intersection, and the stop signs on the minor streets are placed on adjacent legs of the intersection. These intersections are nonstandard TWSC intersections. Nonstandard TWSC intersections are found frequently in some countries and exist in most. These intersections are officially recognized in traffic codes and manuals in Europe, Australia, and the United States, yet the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) TWSC procedure does not specifically handle these intersections. In fact, a literature review yielded no established procedure for the calculation of capacity at nonstandard TWSC intersections that would consider the specificities related to the layout of the approaching roadways and the characteristics of the traffic flow, such as the critical headway and the follow-up headway. This paper demonstrates the uniqueness of nonstandard TWSC intersections, reports analysis results from field data collected at several similar nonstandard TWSC T-intersections, identifies discrepancy in critical headway figures and level-of-service ratings that can result from the use of the HCM procedure for TWSC intersections, and calls for further research on the subject in other locales.
The number of registered commercial freight vehicles is constantly increasing, increasing therefore as well the traffic load on the roads in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A significant part of freight vehicles moving along the main and regional roads are overloaded and cause significant damage to road infrastructure, affect road safety and result in an increase of emissions of harmful gases for people and the environment. The overloading rate is extremely high, in particular with 5-axle trucks representing 58.7%. The research showed that the increased overload level ranges from 10-20% of the maximum permissible weight. The importance of load limits was recognized early in the history of road development. This interrelation led directly to limitations on vehicle loads, and laws were enacted in many countries to establish the maximum allowable motor vehicle sizes and weights. Strict enforcement of motor vehicle size and weight laws is a step toward reducing motor vehicle size and weight violations, heavy truck accidents, and, even more, improving road maintenance, rehabilitation expenditures and road safety. Thus, based on the applied model the objective of this paper is to evaluate and optimize the locations of truck weigh stations on the road network of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Traffic and sea shipping industry are perhaps the most important economic activities in modern economic and social development of the world. Basic features and the meaning of sea shipping industry, as one of the constituent parts of multimodal transport, emerge primarily from special characteristics of the sea as a transportation way.Ports represent a great economic power; they play an essential role in the international and national economies, as well as in the global commodity exchange. They are of special importance because they are primary starting points for marine economy development. Numerous factors are relevant for the role and development of ports and port systems, and the most important ones include natural characteristics of ports, such as the depth and spatiality of the port maritime zone, shelter from winds, waves, sea currents and tides, and climate features.The recognition of the importance of meteorology for maritime activities has even changed the schooling of seamen; educational programmes have been adjusted according to WMO recommendations, ships have been equipped with the state-ofthe-art meteorological and navigational devices, and once the satellites were introduced the meteorological service has reached a high level of development and forecast accuracy. Therefore, marine meteorology should not be neglected; it should be given as much importance so as to become a constituent part of the skill for choosing the best and optimal shipping route.Marine meteorology (which includes the river meteorology as well) provides weather information to various maritime and river transportation activities. First of all, it refers to information on the state of wind and sea. Considering the importance of understanding the weather and climate of the area where a port is located, this paper provides a detailed overview of the climatological elements, including wind roses, for each of the presented ports: Rijeka, Zadar (Gaženica), Split (North Port), Ploče and Dubrovnik (Gruž). KEY WORDS
This paper examines the relationship between the relevant parameters of traffic safety and the most important parameter of economic development, gross domestic product. In particular, the paper estimates the effects of the model of the rate of motorization and road traffic mortality in relation to the number of inhabitants and the number of motor vehicles, which are further used for the projection of mortality and the number of motor vehicles by 2030.
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