The main objective of this study is to measure the NPLS in Pakistan’s commercial bank. The macroeconomic factor of Country GDP, corruption, unemployment, political instability and inflation it’s nettle the level of NPLS in commercial bank in Pakistan.  The unemployment, increasing of interest rate, low economic growth and money laundering they elaborate the changing in NPLS. high inflation, unemployment ratio, huge cases of corruption, political instability are faced by the country.we are working time series data of Pakistan from 1972 to 2022 by using ARDL long and short run. We find that there is long run relationship exist between the variables, and co-integration also have positive and significant impact on NPLS.Finding The observation of this study shows that efficiency of managing the productivity had important effects on NPLS. The policy maker should be establishing the steps for creditors to ensure superb loan management and they will grant to the banks. If the better steps for loan will be establish then the bank will be stable and so their works efficiently. The Finding shows that GDP has positive/negative and significant impact on NPLS of commercial banking in Pakistan in long run/ short run. However, corruption has positive/negative and insignificant impact on NPLs in long run/ short run, we also find that inflation has negative and significant impact on NPLs in long run/short run, we also observed that interest rate has negative and significant impact on NPLs in long run/short run.

Background: In order to avoid damaging the dental pulp from mechanical injury and inammatory agents, operators are recommended to remove just infected dentin while maintaining affected and sound dentin. As a result, maximum dentin tissue must be preserved. This study aims to identify a logistic and accurate link between the amounts of actual remaining dentine thickness and the radiographic remaining dentine thickness before starting caries excavation, thereby lowering the incidences of post-operative sensitivity and direct pulpal exposure. In a three-stage experiment, 24 extracted human teeth were Material and Methodology: evaluated using three different techniques: digital radiography(RVG), cone beam computed tomography(CBCT), and using digital caliper after hand excavation of any remaining caries. The results were compared and statistical analysis was performed for each tooth. The difference among the Statistical analysis: groups was analyzed by post hoc Turkey and analysis of variance tests. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically signicant. The results Results: indicated no signicant difference between actual clinical (digital caliper) and CBCT measurements (P=0.054) but a signicant difference was found between actual clinical and periapical radiographs. It is imprecise to Conclusion: estimate the remaining dentine thickness using routine periapical radiographs; a reliable and affordable method still has to be developed.