MOTIVATIONAn autonomy revolu on is underway on Earth, and autonomous vehicles are being employed in space to enable diverse missions including on Mars 1 , Titan 2 , and other Ocean Worlds. Miniaturized sensors, hardware, novel materials and structures, addi ve manufacturing, machine learning, and other advancements are being integrated to enable capabili es once firmly in the realm of science fic on. Machine learning is being applied to predic ve maintenance, trajectory op miza on, genera ve designs, improved quality control, training, robot percep on, autonomous decision making, and other areas.Autonomous technology development has valuable applica ons for missions to a diverse array of planetary environments 3 , and has been iden fied as an area of key technology investment for the next genera on of interplanetary missions 4 . Despite substan al progress, the challenges of planetary explora on, including seeking and suppor ng life beyond Earth, require new capabili es. These include, but are not limited to, accessing surface and subsurface regions unreachable by large rovers or humans, and opera ng with extreme efficiency and for sustained periods without communica on. Addressing these complex challenges will require broad and persistent efforts, enabling opportuni es to: