Keywords Abstract

Finfish production has seen over three-fold increase in the past 30 years (1990–2020), and Atlantic salmon (A. salmon; salmo salar) accounted for approximately 32.6% of the total marine and coastal aquaculture of all finfish species in the year 2020, making it one of the most profitable farmed fish species globally. This growth in production is, however, threatened by a number of problems which can be solved using the CRISPR/Cas technology. In vitro applications of CRISPR/Cas using cell lines can complement its in vivo applications, but salmonids-derived cell lines are difficult to gene edit because they grow slowly, are difficult to transfect and isolate single clones of gene-edited cells. While clonal isolation of the gene-edited Chinook salmon cell line (CHSE-214) has successfully been performed, there is no report of successful clonal isolation of the gene-edited A. salmon ASK-1 and SHK-1cell lines. In the current study, two gene loci—cr2 and mmp9 of A. salmon—were efficiently edited using the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and plasmid CRISPR/Cas9 strategies. Edited cells were enriched using flow cytometer-activated cell sorting (FACS), followed by clonal isolation and expansion of edited cells. The study both confirms the recent report of the highly efficient editing of these widely used model cell lines, as well as extends the frontline in the single-cell cloning of gene-edited salmonids cells. The report also highlights the pitfalls and future directions in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in these cells.

No abstract

Zonouz city and its neighboring counties, including three counties and eleven areas, are located in the southern area of the Araz River in Azerbaijan and northwest of Iran. This city has many capabilities in terms of geography, civilization, and tourism, which can be considered as an advantage in urban development. The development in the city is a process occurs by relying on introversion and utilizing extroversion, among which urban regeneration can be highlighted. Thus, recognizing the components of empowerment is one of the main purposes. Applying the rules and observing the necessary principles reduce costs and increase productivity in development. The present study aims to study and compare the advantages of the city, which have more centrality and relative abilities than the peripheral cities, with those cities having the same geographical and cultural characteristics, and the least distance from the city, in an integrated and complementary collection in the tourism industry. Considering that different multi-city managers should similarly play a role, the appropriate reason for their participation can be balanced development and utilization from common interests. This benefit can be achieved based on the management and exploitation of natural and historical attractions, the results of which are synergy and improved performance and exploitation power from the interests. To this aim, the tourist abilities and natural and tourist attractions of the complex are identified and studied, and the results of the analysis are analyzed. The conclusion can be made based on using natural geography and cultural heritage advantages to protect historical buildings and textures better, along with a balanced development of a series of neighboring cities.