This research aims to describe the effectiveness of the CIRC and PQ4R models on the reading comprehension skills of the fifth semester students of the PGSD study program. This study uses quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. This study used two experimental groups and one control group. The population of this study was the fifth semester students of PGSD Study Program. Sampling is done using a simple random sampling technique. To determine the effectiveness of learning CIRC and PQ4R, the data were analyzed using t-test and anava. The results of this study indicate that CIRC learning is effective in learning reading skills understanding of the fifth semester of PGSD Study Program with a significant level of 0.006 <0.05. PQ4R learning is effective in learning reading comprehension skills in students in the fifth grade of elementary school with a significant level showing 0,000 <0,05. The difference in CIRC and PQ4R learning is effective in reading skills. The fifth semester students of PGSD study program with a significance level of 0,000 <0,05. CIRC learning model, PQ4R, reading comprehension

The purpose of this study was to explore the reflective thinking skills of students as prospective teachers in the invertebrate zoology course through an analysis of the learning process of the literature provided during lectures. The research method used was the case study of the invertebrate zoology lecturing process. The instruments in this study were observation sheets, task analysis used in lectures, and a questionnaire about students' perceptions of lecture activities. The results showed that the Invertebrate Zoology lectures only focused on concepts or theories and did not provide reflective thinking skills. Therefore, Zoology lectures have not shown a balanced mastery of concepts and reflective thinking skills.ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali kemampuan berpikir reflektif mahasiswa calon guru pada mata kuliah zoologi invertebrata melalui analisis proses pembelajaran hingga analisis literatur yang diberikan selama perkuliahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus terhadap proses perkuliahan zoologi invertebrata. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, analisis tugas yang digunakan dalam perkuliahan, angket tentang respon mahasiswa terhadap kegiatan perkuliahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkuliahan zoologi Invertebrata yang di berikan hanya fokus pada konsep atau teori dan tidak memberikan keterampilan berpikir reflektif. Artinya, perkuliahan zoologi belum menunjukkan bekal penguasaan konsep dan kemampuan berpikir reflektif yang seimbang.

This research aimed to find out how the development, feasibility, and effectiveness of android-based guidance and counseling primary service media are used to increase the conceptual understanding of the reproductive system and adolescents sexual behavior during the post-pandemic period. The researchers employed the Borg and Gall’s concept by involving nine stages starting from potential and problem mapping, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, product revision, trial use, and product revisions. The research instruments were media expert validation questionnaires, linguists, material experts, student and educator response questionnaires, concept understanding tests, and documentation. The sample used in the limited-scale test was 10 students, while in the wide-scale test there were 76 students. Based on the results of the research on the feasibility test of android-based primary service media on the conceptual understanding of the reproductive system and adolescents sexual behavior, the percentage of material experts was 82%, linguists was 82 %, and media experts was 84 %, all in the very decent category. The results of the questionnaire respondents were very positive in which it was seen from the results of the teacher's response questionnaire that was 94 % and 85 % of students with ‘very interesting’ criteria. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the media can be seen from the average N-gain of the experimental class 0.58 (moderate) and N-gain of the control class 0.57 (moderate). Independent t-test with a sig 2-tailed 0.00 was less than 0.05 (alpha). Thus, it is concluded that the android can increase the conceptual understanding of the reproductive system and adolescents sexual behavior.

This study aims to produce a practicum model in a virtual laboratory that can provide reflective thinking skills for prospective biology teacher students on the topic of invertebrate zoology. a qualitative approach was used in this study with a case study method. The research found that the development of V-Lab invertebrate zoology programs is very helpful for prospective teachers to understand real invertebrates and improve reflective thinking skills of prospective biology teacher students, where they can relate their knowledge to everyday life. Invertebrates are a branch of biology that must be mastered by prospective teacher students, with the existence of this v-lab program makes it easy for students to understand the material and reflect it in life. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the virtual practicum on the concept of invertebrate zoology has a significant effect on improving the reflective ability of prospective teacher students.