Evaluation of population size estimates from VPA (back calculation), VPA (forward calculation) and ADAPT VPA of brown sole Pleuronectes herzensteini population in northern Hokkaido, Japan were investigated by retrospective analysis. Relative error between population size by VPA based on eight years ofˆshing data and estimated population size by three methods of VPA based on one year ofˆshing data were-54～＋109 in VPA (back calculation),-41～＋59 in VPA (forward calculation) and-53～＋54 in ADAPT VPA. Relative error of age one by VPA (forward calculation) was the lowest of the three methods. At age three to six, relative error by VPA (back calculation) and ADAPT VPA were lower than that of VPA (forward calculation). Relative er

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