Background Histoplasmosis is an endemic granulomatous fungal infection which rarely infects the larynx; less than 100 cases have been reported in medical literature till date. Case presentation A 6-year-old female child, a diagnosed case of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia since past 2 years and on chemotherapy, presented with hoarseness and dysphagia since past 2 months. Direct laryngoscopy revealed granular appearance of posterior pharyngeal wall and the supra-glottic larynx. Histopathological examination and bone marrow aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis. Conclusions Pharyngo-laryngeal histoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an immunocompromised patient presenting with persistent hoarseness.

Background: The presence of pathologies of vocal folds cause significant changes in their normal vibratory patterns, which impact the resulting voice. Accurate and early diagnosis is needed for proper and timely management of the underlying vocal cord pathology. Diagnostic assessment in dysphonic patients should comprise both clinical aspects and voice-related problems experienced by the patients in their daily life. A combination of video-stroboscopy, acoustic analysis and Voice handicap index (VHI) helps in detailed evaluation of vocal cord abnormalities. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study. A total of 134 patients with voice disorders were included in the study. The VHI-10 questionnaire was filled by the patients. Acoustic analysis of their voice samples and Video-stroboscopic evaluation of their larynx was done. Results: A VHI-10 score of >11 was noted in 102 patients. Fundamental frequency, jitter and shimmer were significantly related to the type of lesion. All the video-stroboscopic parameters were significantly related with the vocal cord lesions. Conclusions: Acoustic analysis along with video-stroboscopy serve as a better diagnostic tool for quantification and categorisation of vocal cord pathologies. VHI-10 helps in assessing the limitations/the impact on quality of life (QOL) (caused by the various vocal cord pathology).

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<p class="abstract">Plasmablastic lymphoma (PbL) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm with heterogeneous clinical, histological and genetic features. It has been reported in both immuno-compromised and immuno-competent patients and commonly presents in the extra-nodal regions, but it is more heterogeneous in immuno-competent patients. Its clinical course is aggressive with early dissemination and poor response to therapy. A 61 year old male presented with left sided nasal bleeding and nasal obstruction for last 6 months, snoring and disturbed sleep for last 2 months. On examination, there was fullness over left side of nose and obliteration of left naso-facial groove. A mass lesion was seen in the left nasal cavity on endoscopy. There was bulge in the soft palate and the mass extended into the oropharynx. CECT showed a locally aggressive sino-nasal mass. Histopathology and immuno-histo-chemistry (IHC) of the biopsy were suggestive of plasmablastic lymphoma. A debulking surgery was done to relieve his obstructive symptoms. The patient received 3 cycles of EPOCH chemotherapy and radiotherapy to local site. At 9 months of follow up he presented with recurrence of the mass. Plasmablastic lymphoma presents in patients other than those with HIV. Awareness about its unique characteristics is crucial for establishing a correct diagnosis. Currently available treatments are ineffective in achieving long term remission and prognosis remains unfavourable with high incidence of recurrence</p>