In the implementation of fertilization, only about 50% of the fertilizer can be absorbed by plants while some are degraded or drifted by groundwater so that fertilization becomes inefficient which will also pollute the environment with the content of N, P, and K. The loss of N as nitrogen gas due to denitrification is up to 30–40%, the loss of N as ammonia gas due to volatilization is about 10–20, the loss of N as nitrate due to the washing by water flow is about 44%, and erosion can reach 45%. One solution to this problem is using a slow release fertilizer (SRF) where the nutrient is released slowly within a certain time. The SRF technology modifies the fertilizer utilizing chitosan coating on granule surface of the fertilizer. Liquid chitosan is used for coating and it is sprayed on the surface of fertilizer granule in the rotary pan granulator. It is found that the resistance of the chitosan coated fertilizer in the water is about 3–6 months. The characteristics of the nutrients released from SRF NPK 16‐16‐16 coated with chitosan are about 103.26 mg nutrients of N, 21.8 mg nutrients of P, and 65.62 mg nutrients of K within a month of immersion time.
Pupuk merupakan salah satu industri prioritas bagi pertanian dan berkontribusi 15 hingga 30 % dalam struktur biaya usaha pertanian padi. Pada penggunaan pupuk di lapangan masih banyak kehilangan unsur hara pada waktu pemupukan di lapangan (sawah) sehingga efisiensi penggunaan pupuk berkurang. Pengembangan dan inovasi teknologi produk pupuk pertanian yang efisien pada saat ini salah satunya adalah memodifikasi pupuk dengan cara pelapisan pada permukaan granul pupuk. Dalam penelitian ini lateks-chitosan digunakan sebagai inhibitor nitrifikasi. Secara umum penelitian suatu bahan melibatkan karakterisasi dengan metoda SEM untuk mengetahui karakteristik mikrografis bahan lateks-chitosan. Lapisan lateks-chitosan mampu memperkuat struktur butiran pupuk saat diuji perendaman dalam air selama 6 bulan. Lapisan tipis lateks-chitosan sebagai inhibitor nitrifikasi pada produk pupuk pertanian memiliki ketebalan sekitar 84,50 - 197,7 ?m dan diameter pori sekitar 2,88 - 4,16 ?m. Jumlah pelepasan hara N pupuk granul NPK 16-16-16 chitosan dilapisi lebih tinggi dari kitosan lateks chitosan.
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