This study describes the variations and functions of speech acts in KH's lectures. Marzuki Mustamar at the Isra' Mi'raj and Haul KH. Askandar in Banyuwangi on February 27, 2022. The descriptive qualitative method uses the theoretical basis of pragmatic speech acts. The study's results reveal the variations and functions of speech acts in KH. Marzuki Mustamar, among others, there are speech acts locutionary information and has an expressive meaning of humility, locutionary prohibition which has a prohibition function accompanied by humour, locutionary locutions that have a strong prohibition function, question locutions that have a function of attention, ask locutions that have the function of joking and humour, locutionary speech acts that function to state something, illocutionary speech acts of inviting which function as directives of invitation, speech acts of directive illocutionary requests/requests, speech acts directive illocutionary speech acts that have the function of praying, directive illocutionary speech acts that have the function of giving suggestions, directive illocutionary speech acts that function to give messages, expressive illocutionary speech acts that function as congratulatory, commissive illocutionary speech acts that function as threats and declaration illocutionary speech acts that function as a ban.

The goals of this research are to 1) understand the development of Arabic language and literature in India; 2) understand the characteristics of Arabic literature in India; and 3) understand Arabic literature in India. The qualitative-descriptive method was used. This research data was obtained through the analysis of literature studies. Primary data sources include Ahmad Idris's book Al Adab Al Arabi fi Syibh Al Qarrah Al Hindiyah, and secondary data sources include journals, books, theses, and other relevant scientific works. Reading, studying, and recording key points from primary and secondary sources about the development of Arabic language and literature in India is used to collect data. There are three types of data analysis techniques: data reduction, data exposure, and inferring research-related data. The findings of this study show that the Arabic language and literature evolved gradually in India over time, particularly during the Islamic dynasties of India. Its development is excellent and significant, particularly in the fields of education, scholars, literati, and literary works. Some general characteristics of Arabic literature in India include religious elements, praises, and laments; a mix of Persian and Indian literary elements; and so on. Famous writers include Abu 'Ata' Al Sindhi, Abu Al 'Ula Al Lahori, Abdul Hayi Al Laknawi, and cleric Anwar Shah Al Kashmiri. مستخلص أهداف هذا البحث هي 1). معرفة تطور اللغة العربية وآدابها في الهندي، 2) معرفة خصائص الأدب العربي في الهند،3) معرفة الأدباء العربية في الهند. والمنهج المستخدم هو المنهج الوصفي.  ومصدر البيانات الأولية هو كتاب الأدب العربي في شبه القارة الهندية لأحمد إدريس، والمصادر الثانوية هي المجلات العلمية والكتب الأدبية والأطروحات ذات صلة بموضوع البحث. وجمع البيانات من خلال قراءة ودراسة وملاحظة النقاط المهمة من المصادر الأولية والثانوية حول تطور اللغة العربية وآدابها في الهند.  هناك ثلاث تقنيات لتحليل البيانات، وهي تلخيص البيانات وعرض البيانات واستنتاج البيانات المتعلقة بالبحث. تكشف نتائج هذا البحث أن اللغة العربية وآدابها قد تطورت في الهند تدريجيا بمرور الوقت، خاصة في ظل الأمارة الإسلامية في الهند، لاسيما في مجال التعليم والأعمال الأدبية. وخصائص الأدب العربي في الهند أنه يحتوي على عناصير دينية ومدح ورثاء وهناك مزيج من عناصر الأدب الفارسي والهندي. ومن أشهر الأدباء: أبو عطاء السندي، وأبو علاء اللاهوري، وعبد الحي اللكنوي، وأنوار شاه الكشميري. الكلمات المفتاحية: اللغة العربية وأدبها؛الهن