Background: Cereal products are susceptible to mould damage during pre-and post-harvesting stages of the production. The regional specificity of Golestan province in the northern region of of Iran, with its high temperature and high relative humidity, acts as a leading factor for the growth of aflatoxin-producing fungi. It is well known that contamination of starch-based ingredients with mycotoxigenic fungi is a risk factor among the consumers due to its aflatoxins. Objectives: This survey was carried out to determine the extent of fungal contamination of wheat in three silos of Golestan province in Iran. Materials and Methods: 34 samples from three active silos were collected in order to clean the polyethylene bags. Wheat analyzed for fungal contamination and aflatoxins extracted by immunoaffinity column chromatography, and measured by HPLC method. Results: The most common moulds isolated were Alternaria spp. 26.7%, Aspergillus niger 21.4%, Fusarium spp. 17.8%, Aspergillus flavus 10.7%, Cladosporium spp. 10.7%, Penicillium spp. 8.9%, and Rhizopus spp. 3.5%. The screening of aflatoxin, B1, B2, G1 and G2 was carried out. 10(29.4%) samples of wheat had traces of aflatoxin, but in a level lower than the standard levels [Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIR< 15 ng/g)].Conclusions: Despite the lower detected aflatoxin levels (lower than the ISIR level), the fungal contamination rate could not be neglected. Since the isolated mycotoxigenic fungi such as Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. are important in food industry, it would be possible that the increased retention time of samples might have raised the detected contamination rate.

Objectives: The aim of current study was evaluating the effect of exercise training and resveratrol supplementation on serum levels of adropin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), and gene expression of angiostatin and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in myocardial infarction rats Methods: 40 male Wistar rats four weeks after cardiac infarction were randomly divided into four groups: 1: control group (C-MI, n=10) 2: resveratrol group (Res-MI, n=10) 3: exercise group (Ex+MI, n=10) and 4: exercise group with resveratrol supplement (Ex+Res, n=10) were divided. The Ex+MI group and the Ex+Res group performed running on a treadmill for 10 weeks (5 sessions per week and each session lasting 50 minutes at a speed of 17 meters per minute). The serum levels of adropin, VEGF and NO were measured by ELISA method and expression of angiostatin and FGF-2 genes were measured by Real Time-PCR. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was done using the one-way analysis of variance test. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the level of NO, VEGF and adropin in EX+Res, Ex+MI and Res+Mi groups were significantly different from C-MI. Also, the difference between Ex+Res and other groups was significant. In terms of gene expression, the highest expression of FGF-2 was in the Ex+Res group and then in the Ex+MI group, and there was a significant difference between the level of Ex+Res and the Res-MI group. Also, the lowest angiotensin gene expression was in the Ex+Res and Ex+MI groups, which showed a significant difference compared to the other two groups. Conclusion: Ten weeks of aerobic exercise training and resveratrol supplementation lead to increase the levels of VEGF, adropin, NO as well as the mRNA expression of FGF-2 and decrease the levels of angiostatin in MI rat’s model.