Every country should have an official time standard which called local coordinated universal time, UTC(k). Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN) has developed an official standard time, namely UTC(IDN) which is used as Indonesia Standard Time. The UTC(IDN) contributes to calculation of coordinated universal time (UTC). In order to generate the UTC(IDN), the output of 1 pulse per second signal of caesium atomic clock is utilized as the actual signals of this standard. A distribution amplifier is used to distribute the signal. Combination of time transfer system (TTS-3) and GPS are employed for comparison of UTC and UTC(IDN). TTS-3 automatically calculated the difference and it is steered by using certain algorithm. Time synchronization to the standard can be conducted through network time protocol (NTP) server, i.e., ntp.bsn.go.id. The time can be automatically synchronized using internet time or certain program at each computer or machine. The results of this work show that the time differences between UTC -UTC(IDN) vary from 43.2 ns to 1729.9 ns. UTC(IDN) has frequency and time stability of 3.6 x 10 -14 Hz/Hz per 5 days and 3.1 ns per 5 days, respectively which are in good agreement to the international time reference. A shielding chamber with temperature control system has been built to keep the ambient temperature of caesium atomic clock at (23 ± 1) ᵒC. It can be concluded that BSN has been developing and disseminating the UTC(IDN) as an Indonesia Standard Time that can support the regulation of time synchronization in Indonesia. A new temperature control system is proposed to stabilize the ambient temperature of caesium atomic clock. The temperature control system supports an accurate and stable UTC(IDN).

Many industries use stopwatch/timer as instrument for measuring time in production process. To support the quality of product of industries, the stopwatch/timer should measure the time accurately. The accuracy of the stopwatch/timer can be known through calibration to a reference standard. Therefore, a stopwatch/timer should be calibrated first before used as instrument for measuring time. Research Center for Metrology (RCM) - LIPI as National Metrology Institute of Indonesia has responsibility to build measurement traceability in Indonesia, included measurement traceability for time. RCM - LIPI did calibration of stopwatch/timer manually. The operator responses in manual calibration that called as human reaction time contribute to inaccuracy of measurement result. Recently, an innovation for automation of calibration system of stopwatch/timer has been built to eliminate the human reaction time. The automation system has been designed and built using robotic arm and mini robot car. The aim of this system is to increase the efficiency and accuracy of stopwatch/timer calibration. The robotic arm is used to press the button of stopwatch/timer, and the mini robot car is used to press a reference standard universal counter The measurement result of time from the universal counter and stopwatch/timer are recorded automatically using a camera. The accuracy of the stopwatch/timer calibration has been increased by using the automation system. The system supports the improvement of the quality of industry products.

Kalibrasi stopwatch/timer secara manual bergantung pada respon operator sehingga dapat menyebabkan ketidakakuratan dalam proses kalibrasi. Hal ini disebut sebagai human reaction time. Sekitar 75% dari ketidakpastian pengukuran disumbangkan oleh human reaction time bias dan human reaction time standard deviation. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan inovasi untuk otomasi sistem kalibrasi stopwatch/timer sehingga menghilangkan faktor human reaction time tersebut. Telah dibangun sistem otomasi kalibrasi stopwatch/time menggunakan alat rakitan berupa lengan robot dan mobil robot mini untuk menekan tombol stopwatch/timer dan standar acuan universal counter. Kamera secara otomastis merekam hasil pengukuran waktu dari universal counter dan stopwatch/timer. Data pengukuran berupa gambar diolah menggunakan teknik image processing untuk menghasilkan angka. Sistem otomasi telah menghilangkan faktor human reaction time sehingga memperkecil ketidakpastian pengukuran, dan meningkatkan akurasi pada kalibrasi stopwatch/timer.