No abstract

No statistics on small molecule disorders of IEM are available in Egypt. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the epidemiological and clinical data, final diagnoses and clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Alexandria University Children's Hospital with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of small molecule disorders. Methods In this 5-year retrospective study, we collected medical records of all patients admitted to the PICU at El-Shatby Children's Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital affiliated to Alexandria University (serving 4 governorates comprising 14 million people), from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014 (n = 1417). Ages ranged from 1 month to 6 years. The policy of our hospital is that all cases of small molecule disorders presented at the emergency room are admitted to PICU. Inclusion criteria were: confirmed diagnosis of small molecule disorders and suspected diagnosis of small molecule disorders at the time of PICU admission or during PICU stay, with no subsequent confirmation of diagnosis (according to PICU protocol). The exclusion criterion was previous diagnosis of small molecule disorders in patients admitted to the PICU during the study period. Out of 1417 PICU admissions, 34 patients (2.4%) had a suspected or confirmed small molecule disorder.

To perform an Optical Burst Switching (OBS) network, a lot of challenges are faced that have to be solved. The edge node has to manage burst offset time and burst assembly technique. The core node has to reserve resources to send the data burst, schedule the control packet and data burst and contention resolution strategy. In this paper, we discuss the burst assembly mechanisms and their disadvantages which we will overcome using a new and simple algorithm for data burst generation which relies on changing some characteristics in queuing model in OBS network by taking into consideration the presences of Quality of Service (QoS) for multiple data priorities. The OBS network simulation using our algorithm shows that it adaptively changes the data burst size according to the offered load. So, it can offer high data burst utilization, limits the maximum end to end delay and reduces burst drop rate for high priority packets.