The 0.85-0.55 Ga Arabian-Nubian Shield of northeast Africa comprises an assemblage of volcanic arc and sub-arc strata that are fertile for volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) and overlying oxide gold deposits. At least fifty VMS deposits are known in the Nubian Shield west of the Red Sea, many of which are clustered in districts. The most important districts, including Ariab in NE Sudan, Bisha in western Eritrea, and Asmara in eastern Eritrea, have seen significant exploration and development recently. The Ariab VMS-oxide gold district contains over 20 oxide gold deposits that have been mined since 1991 (>2 Moz Au recovered), with several having large Cu-Au (+ Zn + Ag) sulphide resources below the oxide gold resources, including Hadal Awatib East (67.8 Mt), Hassai South (42