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Objective: To measure the serum Dickkopf-1 level in neonates with HIE and to study its relation to the neurodevelopmental outcome in those neonates in comparison to healthy neonates. Methods: We measured serum levels of Dkk-1 by ELISA in neonates with HIE (n = 40) and in healthy controls (n = 30). Results: Dkk-1 serum levels increased significantly in HIE neonates than in healthy control, Serum DKK-1 levels increased significantly in severe HIE patients. Conclusion: DKK1 level was higher in neonates with HIE than normal neonates and DKK1 level correlated postively with degree of HIE.

Objective: Zinc, copper and selenium are essential for normal development and function of the central nervous system. This study aimed at assessment of serum levels of zinc, copper and selenium in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) with & without cerebral palsy both before and after nutritional rehabilitation. Methods: A prospective case control study involved 2 groups (Group I); included160 children with SAM of both sex, aged 6e59 months, this group was subdivided into 2equal subgroups; subgroup A: SAM without cerebral palsy, subgroup B: SAM with cerebral palsy. Group II (control group) included 96 apparently healthy children matching age and sex with the first group. Both groups were subjected to a detailed history including nutritional history. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and laboratory assessment for serum levels of (copper, zinc, & selenium) before and after nutritional rehabilitation were performed for all children. Results: Group I (A&B) showed a significant decrease in anthropometric measurements, serum zinc, serum selenium but normal copper level before nutritional rehabilitation in comparison to

Background: Phototherapy is the main therapeutic interference for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia used to escape an exchange transfusion and to decrease the risk of bilirubin-induced encephalopathy (kernikterus). Phototherapy has an oxidative effect on cell components and cell membranes by enhancing peroxidation of lipid and damage to DNA. Many genes function as apoptosis regulatory genes. Examples of these genes involve the BCL2 gene as an anti-apoptotic oncogene, and the BAX gene which is a promoter of apoptosis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of phototherapy on expression of BAX and Bcl2 genes in hyperbilirubinemic fullterm neonates. Eighteen full-term neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia who received phototherapy for 24 h were enrolled as a study group and nine apparently healthy full-term neonates with a normal serum bilirubin level were included as a control group. Assessment of the anti-apoptotic effect(s) of BCL2 and the pro-apoptotic effect(s) of (Bax) genes was achieved by quantitative assay of their products (BCL2 and BAX proteins) by ELISA assay after phototherapy. Results: Significant decrease in the bcl2 (p < 0.001) and increase in Bax protein (p < 0.001) serum levels after phototherapy in hyperbilirubinemic full-term neonates. Conclusion: Hyperbilirubinemia has no apoptotic influence, while phototherapy induces apoptosis in the peripheral blood of hyperbilirubinemic full-term infants.

Introduction: Electrical injury (EI) can be defined as damage caused by generated electrical current passing through the body. Electrical injuries are an emerging health problem in developing countries due to the widespread use of electrical appliances with lack of awareness regarding safety issues among the general population. Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to detect histopathological changes in testes and to evaluate the expression of Caspase-3 in testes of electrically injured rats by non-fatal electrical current. Material and Methods: This work was done in forensic medicine and clinical toxicology department, faculty of medicine, Minia University. This study included 60 male albino rats with average weight 200-250 gm were used. This study was done to detect histopathological changes in testes and to evaluate the expression of Caspase 3 in testes of electrically injured rats by non-fatal electrical current. All animals were given free access to standard pellet chow and water prior to the experiments. All procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee of Minia University. Results: there were signicant histopathological changes in testes of the experimental animals as well as significant increase in the expression of caspase 3 among experimental groups. Conclusion: the main pathogenesis of electrical injury on testes was apoptosis and confirmed by histipathological changes and elevated caspase 3 level.