kalangan pemimpin-pemimpin tempatan turut menyumbang kepada tercetusnya semangat nasionalisme awal yang lebih bersifat ke arah pembebasan tanahair.

Tracing the history of Aceh through traces of civilization that was built from the period of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam has been recorded in historical records as well as documentation in the form of pictures and map images. It is necessary to trace existing buildings and other objects from past human cultural works to explain the existence of civilization created from the two periodization of Aceh history. The method used is descriptive analysis. The results of the study describe that the objects produced during the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam experienced development. During the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, crowds were more directed at the coast so that development in the interior was not so visible, while during the Dutch colonial period construction was carried out in almost all of Aceh, especially in the construction of land roads. It caused by the needs of the government related to the transportation of natural resources in the form of agricultural products produced by the community. In addition, road construction was also carried out to speed up the arrival of news from remote areas to cities and from the city center to the Dutch government in Singapore. The news delivery system is carried out through the post office and telegram. This study suggests the need for in-depth research related to archaeological traces by conducting excavations so that building structures can be found in order to reconstruct history through their remains.

This article discusses an incident that occurred on 6 March 1946 at Bekor Village in Kuala Kangsar, Perak. On that morning, Bekor Village was attacked by the communists as a reprisal for not supporting their struggle. A close relationship that had been built over a long period among ethnic groups suddenly turned into a racial confrontation at the end of the war. This relationship that was filled with suspicion transformed into attacks after the withdrawal of Japanese military from Malaya. The feeling of prejudice sparked mutual grudge particularly by the communists towards Malays. An examination of primary and secondary sources showed that the event on 6 March 1946 left a major impact on race relations in Malaya. The sources indicate the British Military Administration failed to handle the situation effectively. The study also found that the incident served as an early catalyst to the rise of Malay nationalism. Pengenalan Kolonialisme British dan pendudukan Jepun telah menjadikan masyarakat Melayu terus ditindas oleh penjajah. Pengunduran tentera Jepun bukan bererti tamatnya penderitaan orang Melayu. Kebencian komunis terhadap orang Melayu telah menyebabkan berlakunya kekejaman di serata lokasi di Tanah Melayu. Provokasi dan dendam di antara komuniti Melayu-Cina telah menyebabkan orang Melayu menjadi mangsa kekejaman komunis. Pergaduhan Melayu-Cina yang bermula di Batu Pahat, Johor, sebelum dan selepas pemerintahan Jepun telah menjadi permulaan kepada kekejaman Bintang Tiga. Isu membalas dendam bukan sahaja berlaku di Johor tetapi juga di Sungai Manik, Bekor, Kuala Kangsar, Selangor dan Kuala Lumpur dalam skala yang berbeza. War Office melaporkan banyak kejadian yang melibatkan keganasan bersenjata dan membakar rumah diterima di Johor serta lokasi berhampiran Sungai Perak sejak penghujung Februari 1946. Pergaduhan Melayu-Cina di negeri Perak berlaku dalam skala besar dan hampir menyeluruh. Kampung Melayu tradisional menjadi sasaran serangan komunis. Orang Melayu telah dituduh bersubahat dalam pembunuhan orang Cina. Kegagalan orang Melayu menjelaskan yuran dan cukai kepada komunis telah mengakibatkan mereka menjadi sasaran balas dendam berikutan pengunduran tentera Jepun. Di Bekor, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, cara penyerangan komunis bermotifkan penghapusan etnik. Orang Melayu dengan semangat keIslaman yang tinggi dan kebencian kepada komunisme telah menjadikan mereka nekad untuk menghalang komunis daripada menguasai tanah air. Tekanan yang melampau menyebabkan orang Melayu bangkit mempertahankan kewujudan dan survival bangsa dengan bersenjatakan parang panjang. Tempoh masa semasa perang ini juga memperlihatkan sebagai ″komunis itu Cina, dan Cina itu komunis″. Hubungan Kaum di Kampung Bekor Sebelum Perang Dasar campur tangan British telah memberikan implikasi negatif ke atas struktur politik orang Melayu. 1 Orang Melayu terus menetap di kampung tradisional, komuniti India di ladang getah, manakala orang Cina di kawasan perlombongan dan pinggir bandar. Desakan kehidupan

This article examines the ethnic conflict that occurred in Malaya after the end of the Japanese Occupation till the declaration of the Emergency in 1948. The Japanese Occupation worsened the already strained relations between the Malays and the Chinese. This dissatisfaction was reflected by the number of racial clashes that occurred after the Japanese army surrendered. One of the main factors for the source of the conflict after the end of the war, it appears, was the challenge to the position of Islam in the country. The Malay community lost their trust in the Chinese after the Three-Star anny interfered with religious ceremonies in mosques and suraus. The Malay community winch was synonymous with Islam, used religion as a vehicle to protect the interests of the community. As a result of tortures and killings by the Three-Star army, a religiousbased movement, emerged among the Malays to preserve the sanctity of the religion and to protect the interests of the Malays. This article shows that Islam inspired the rise of nationalism among the Malays based on Islam not only to protect the religion but ultimately to free the country.

No abstract