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Tactical Satellites (TacSats) are designed for command, control and communications among troops in the battlefield. TacSat Network has a large number of satellite terminals. These terminals are stationary and mobile terminals. Key management for TacSats is milestone because terminals in battlefield need to communicate but these terminals cannot communicate unless they share a secret key. In this paper, we proposed three novel mechanisms; the usage of key management unit (KMU) for authentication of satellite terminal operator, the implementation of certificates shared verification key management for satellite terminals, and new Group Key Management (GKM) algorithm. This new algorithm established group key between satellite terminals for TacSat with high speed keys distribution, high performance, low setup time and protecting the satellite terminal from theft. Key management for TacSat needs certificates verification for satellite terminals where previous work assumed long time for certificates verification.

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The fast development towards building Quantum Computer (QC) increases the consequences of QC attacks and implies high vulnerabilities to symmetric key cipher systems and public key cipher systems. Increasing key length for symmetric key cipher systems to resist QC attacks implies increasing design size of the algorithm which means slow down the algorithm. Inspired from the unpredictability principle, PRNG is added to the architecture of the symmetric key cipher system to add the unpredictability property to choose which algorithm is used and which subkey is used. Spread Spectrum Encryption Architecture (SSEA) is a family of three architectures with high security level and high speed resistant to QC attacks. First, SSEA has two or more encryption algorithms and multiple subkeys at each round of the encryption algorithm. SSEA architecture is used to hide which algorithm is used, to hide which subkey is used and to hide the output of the encrypted ciphertext. Second, SSEA security level is increased as the number of subkeys for each round increased or the number of rounds in the algorithm increased or the number of algorithms increased. This model increases the security level where the output from the PRNG is not on the communication channel and the attacker cannot perform analysis to this output. Third, cryptanalysis cannot take place over SSEA; the only way for the attacker to break SSEA is to establish brute force attack over all of the system possible combinations. Finally, SSEA3 is chosen to be implemented as it has the highest speed, the lowest design size and the highest security level over SSEA1, SSEA2 and AES-256 full rounds.