Background: Equal distribution of health resources has been a core objective of both long-and medium-term strategic plans for the health sector in Sudan. However, the targets of these plans have not yet been achieved, resulting in weak performance of the whole health system. The unequal distribution of the health resources has resulted in significant regional disparities in provision of health care services. Aims: This study aims to describe and analyse the inequality in geographic distribution of public sector's physical and human health resources in Sudan. In addition, the study also aims to measure the relations between density of health resources and health outcomes. Methods: State-level data on health resources and health outcomes obtained from the Sudan Health Statistical Report of 2016 were used to calculate inequality indices, drawing Lorenz curves, and calculating Spearman's correlation analysis between health resource density and health-related outcomes. Results: Our findings show that the distributions of health resources, based on population size, were highly unequal among the 18 states of Sudan. Conclusion: There is a crucial need to improve health status in the relatively under-resourced states, particularly in Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue Nile states. Moreover, the government needs to use health resource allocation models that take into account the population size and health outcomes variables in each state in future health strategies.

Prioritizinguser storiesin Extreme Programming(XP) is an important activitythat occurs during the planninggame. In order to start development, the stakeholdershave toselect which user stories should be implemented. Many studiesand projects showed that there are many factors that affect theselection of stories. The literature confirms there are many waysto prioritize user stories. In this paper,the Analytic HierarchyProcess (AHP) method is presented. AHPconsiders variousfactors from two dimensions: the customer,who isconcernedwith value and urgency; and the developers,who areconcerned with risk, cost of implementation, and complexity.Experimental results show promise for using AHP in XP

Innovation can be classified based on the type of its outcome which includes knowledge and technology, creative and cultural outcomes in addition to intangible assets. Innovation composite index is generally designed with the purpose of estimating the innovation capabilities and competencies of different governorates or regions. In this work, a governorate innovation composite index (GICI) is constructed and applied to the Egyptian governorates to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of adopted innovation measures and policies in these regions along with the assessment of the societal impact. Considering standard type of innovation composite indicators, the Egyptian index proposed in this work is conceptually broken down into a set of innovation inputs and outputs composing its production function. Inputs are divided into factors which are used to produce innovation output while considering specific enabling factors. The application of the innovation governorate index to the Egyptian context has delineated general as well as specific results. First, Innovation performance of governorates measured by the value of the composite index, shows a moderate attitude, whereas input sub-pillars for governorates are however on the low side. In light of this finding, Egypt's government needs to consolidate efforts towards enhancing the

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