This cross-sectional multicenter study aimed to evaluate serum CXCL-10, as an activity marker for vitiligo, and compare it with other putative serum and tissue markers. Serum CXCL-10 was compared to interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-17 using ELISA in 55 non-segmental vitiligo patients (30 active and 25 stable) and 30 healthy controls. Marginal skin biopsy was taken for immunohistochemical evaluation of CD8+T cells and CXCL-10+ve cells. Serum levels of CXCL-10, IL-17, and IL-6 were elevated in all vitiligo patients compared to controls (p < .05). All investigated serum markers were higher in active versus stable vitiligo. Tissue expression of CXCL-10+ve cells and CD8+ve T cells was stronger in vitiligo patients compared to controls, and tissue CXCL-10+ve cell expression was stronger in active versus stable cases. Positive correlations were noted between the different serum and tissue markers. CXCL-10 was the most specific, whereas IL-6 was the most sensitive serum marker to distinguish active from stable disease.

Consumer electronics have caused an unsustainable amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Organic electronics, by means of eco-design, represent an opportunity to manufacture compostable electronic devices. Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), or e-waste, is defined as the waste of any device that uses a power source and that has reached its end of life. Disposing of WEEE at landfill sites has been identified as an inefficient solid waste processing strategy as well as a threat to human health and the environment. In the effort to mitigate the problem, practices such as (i) designing products for durability, reparability, and safe recycling, and (ii) promoting closed-loop systems based on systematic collection and reuse/refurbishment have been identified. In this perspective, we introduce a complementary route to making electronics more sustainable: organic electronics based on biodegradable materials and devices. Biodegradable organic electronics lie at the intersection of research in chemistry, materials science, device engineering, bioelectronics, microbiology, and toxicology. The design of organic electronics for standardized biodegradability will allow composting to be an end-of-life option.

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ertain amounts of inducers, i.e Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and yeast extract as biocontrol agent as well as the fungicide Aquacid, used as foliar spray treatments proved to be effective in reducing downy mildew severity (DS) caused by (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) on cucumber plants under greenhouse and field condition. In vitro, the tested fungicide, resistance inducing chemicals (RIC) and biocontrol agent highly inhibited sporangial germination of P. cubensis fungus compared with the control, Aquacid fungicide and the biocontrol agent were more effective on sporangial germination than chemicals RIC. Under greenhouse condition, severity of downy mildew disease decreased, significantly. Some Plant growth parameters i.e Plant length and fresh weight were significantly increased when the fungicide and RIC were applied as compared with the control. In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively. Moreover, all exercised treatments significantly increased all of the studied growth parameters, i.e. plant length, leaves number, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight/plant. The treatments showed remarkable increase physiological aspects (Peroxidase activity and total phenol content) and similar reduction in disease severity of downy mildew revealing the most superior positively correlation with both peroxidase activity and total phenol content.