In the context of utilizing solar ponds, this research was commenced to enhance their performance so as to rely on them as a nonconventional water resources. Primarily, literature was reviewed in the field of solar ponds. The technique can be used to develop the energy needed for pumping, lifting, collecting or treating water. The agricultural sector users claim that water and energy face problems of environmental degradation due to resources scarcity. This research paper, data was gathered and analyzed, in terms of solar pond parameters such as depth of the upper gradient, shading effect, storage zones, daylight hours, ground temperature and covered insulation for different climate zones so as for different latitudes. The analyzed results indicated that solar ponds possess high potential in arid and semi-arid climates similar to Fayoum governorate, where it is distinguished by its ability to collect heat which can be utilized in different applications. The application cover desalination, electric power generation, salt purification, food and fishing industries. The solar pond technique utilized in many countries to act as the backbone for sustainable development in arid and semi-arid zones such as Victoria desert in Australia.

In Egypt require to improve agricultural production to save food demand with increase population. Soil salinity is a significant attractive problem for agriculture in irrigated areas. As a result, monitoring of soil salinity is required for salinization control. One of the greatest challenges faced by Egypt’s decision-makers is the acquisition of reliable integrated soil salinity information to introduce and recommendation of a simple approach to formulating a guideline for stakeholders. Saline affected areas are vast, making it extremely difficult to examine soil quality with field and laboratory data to provide reliable approach to forecast and monitor soil salinity. Objective of this paper is to research remote sensing and ArcGIS tools by Geo-Statistical Analyst techniques to map saline-sodic heavy clay soils of the Tina plain area in Egypt. Tina Plain characterizes a serious area for potential development of agricultural land in Egypt. Satellite images were downloaded by Landsat 8, Sentinel-2A, Sentinel-1, and Synthetic Aperture Radar C-band data were wont to map soil salinity within the area. By coefficient of correlation method were preformed, evaluated and compared of the Three models. The results revealed that the Sentinel-2A optical imaging satellite yielded the very best prediction performance. ArcGIS Geo-Statistical Analyst was also successfully wont to predict and map the saline-sodic heavy clay soils with a mistake percentage of about 4.28%, which is taken into account as a minor error. generally, the study confirms that the Remote Sensing and ArcGIS Geo-Statistical Analyst are often considered by researchers and decision-makers as a credible, cost-effective, and time-controlled techniques to work out and predict the extension of soil salinity.

In terms of the importance of solar radiation sustainability in middle east and north Africa (MENA) Region, this research was initiated with the objective of mapping solar ponds to provide solar energy by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making method to ensure their efficiency, in terms of cost. Primarily, literature in the field of solar ponds and clean energy was assembled, reviewed, analyzed and categorized to deduce data about solar pond locations and analyze. Accordingly, different variables were considered such as road networks and different countries. In addition, land cover as environmental parameter was considered. Furthermore, technical variables like direct normal radiation, temperature, wind, and relative humidity were taken into consideration using control points covered this area where a number of control points reach 65500 points each point calculated the mean wind, temperature, relative humidity, and direct normal radiation from thirty years. ArcGIS process was applied to solar pond technique locations were selected. The deduced data were comprehended, analyzed, and presented to perceive a complete data picture about MENA Region, from which it was apparent that different zones have different characteristics, in terms of the capability of encompassing solar ponds. Based on the investigation results, it was concluded that Morocco,