Antiviral therapy for HCV infection has been validated in randomized controlled clinical trials, but its value in the real world is less well studied. There is relatively little data on real-world responses to interferon-based therapies for patients with genotype 4 infection. We aimed to examine experience with large-scale access to antiviral therapy in chronic HCV in a real-life clinical setting in Egypt. Detailed pretreatment data of 6198 IFN-naïve chronic HCV patients who had received PEG-IFN/RBV therapy at Cairo-Fatemic Hospital, Egypt, between 2009 and 2012 were obtained from the HCV database. At week 12, 95.7% of patients had undetectable HCV RNA, and by week 24 and 48, breakthrough was 6% and 4%, respectively. However, 43.7% of patients discontinued treatment prematurely, and intent to treat end of treatment response was 44.6% (79.3% per protocol). Sustai-ned response data were available from only 1281 patients and was 84.9%. Haematological abnormalities were comparable in patients who did or did not comply with therapy. This is the first real-world, large-scale experience of antiviral therapy in chronic HCV in Egypt. Suboptimal response in HCV predominantly genotype 4 was mainly driven by noncompliance as well as gaps in the healthcare system leading to treatment discontinuation. These results need to be considered in the era of all oral antiviral regimes.

Background and Study Aims: Thrombocytopenia (TP) in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common finding either directly due to viral infection of platelets or indirectly due to

Background: While the treatment for displaced femoral neck (Garden types I and II) is still the subject of controversy. Aim of Study:The aim of this thesis is to compare the results of internal fixation and bipolar hemiarthroplasty in non-displaced fracture neck of femur in elderly patients. Patients and Methods:The study was performed on 3 patients over 60 years with non-displaced fracture neck of femur, 15 of them treated with internal fixation by cannulated screws, while the other 15 treated by bipolar arthroplasty.Results: All patients were followed up for a mean period of 12 months radiologically by serial X-rays and clinicaly by Harris hip score, where the overall mean Harris Hip score in fixation group was 74, while it was 86.3 for the replacement group.Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the time of delay of operation and the final outcome in fixation group. There was no significant relationship between the final outcome and age, sex, and garden type of the fracture.

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