Based on the present data, adding haloperidol plus midazolam to morphine for pain management improved pain scores and lowered morphine consumption among opium-dependent patients.

To successful control of medical emergencies in the dental office, dentists must be prepared to recognize and manage a variety of such conditions. In addition to dentist's knowledge and skill, availability of necessary equipments and trained staff is also of critical importance.

It seems that emergency medicine rotation improves the medical interns' knowledge in the field of emergency medicine; and their sex, passed medical blocks and the duration of internship do not affect this knowledge.