Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease caused by the induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the lungs. There is a dearth of drug applications that can be used to prevent cytokine storms in ARDS treatment. This study was designed to investigate the effects of tocilizumab and dexamethasone on oxidative stress, antioxidant parameters, and cytokine storms in acute lung injury caused by oleic acid in rats. Methods Adult male rats were divided into five groups: the CN (healthy rats, n = 6), OA (oleic acid administration, n = 6), OA + TCZ-2 (oleic acid and tocilizumab at 2 mg/kg, n = 6), OA + TCZ-4 (oleic acid and tocilizumab at 4 mg/kg, n = 6), and OA + DEX-10 (oleic acid and dexamethasone at 10 mg/kg, n = 6) groups. All animals were euthanized after treatment for histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, PCR, and SEM analyses. Results Expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 cytokines in rats with acute lung injury induced by oleic acid were downregulated in the TCZ and DEX groups compared to the OA group (P < 0.05). The MDA level in lung tissues was statistically lower in the OA + TCZ-4 group compared to the OA group. It was further determined that SOD, GSH, and CAT levels were decreased in the OA group and increased in the TCZ and DEX groups (P < 0.05). Histopathological findings such as thickening of the alveoli, hyperemia, and peribronchial cell infiltration were found to be similar when lung tissues of the TCZ and DEX groups were compared to the control group. With SEM imaging of the lung tissues, it was found that the alveolar lining layer had become indistinct in the OA, OA + TCZ-2, and OA + TCZ-4 groups. Conclusions In this model of acute lung injury caused by oleic acid, tocilizumab and dexamethasone were effective in preventing cytokine storms by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Against the downregulation of antioxidant parameters such as SOD and GSH in the lung tissues caused by oleic acid, tocilizumab and dexamethasone upregulated them and showed protective effects against cell damage.

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Delphinium is a very rich plant in alkaloids, which belong to the Diterpenoid Alkaloids that have medicinal properties. The aim and importance of this study was to separate and purify the compound using classical and modern chromatography, in addition to use modern spectroscopic studies to determin the structure of the new alkaloid produced from this type of plant located in Syria. The new C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloid)Atisine skeleton(Delphitisine was isolated from the aerial parts of Delphinium peregrinum L. var. eriocarpum Boiss.)collected from Amm Harten village between Homs and Tartous cities at the end of July, and identified by different chromatographic methods(. It is colorless resin 31mgr. The structure was established mainly by IR, EI-Ms, 1 D NMR spectroscopy, 1

Bu çalışmada zeytin ağacı (Olea europeae) ağacının yaprağından saflaştırılan oleanolik asidin (OEA) ratlarda çekal ligasyon ve punksiyonla (CLP) indüklenen sepisisin oluşturduğu kalp hasarı üzerine etkileri incelendi. Her gruba eşit olacak şekilde 30 adet Wistar erkek rat sham, sepsis, OEA-150, OEA-300 ve CEFT olarak 5 gruba ayrıldı. Kromatografik metotlarla zeytin yaprağından saflaştırılan oleanolik asit OEA gruplarına 150 ve 300 mg/kg dozlarda oral yolla uygulandı. CEFT grubuna seftriakson 150 mg/kg dozda intraperitoneal yolla uygulandı. Uygulamadan 24 saat sonra ratlardan kan serumu ve kalp dokuları, histopatolojik, immünohistokimyasal ve biyokimyasal analizler için alındı. Yapılan histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal incelemede, sepsis grubunun doku tümör nekrozis faktör (TNF)-a ve interlökin (IL)-1β ekspresyonlarında artış, myokartta kas liflerinde şiddetli düzeyde hyalin dejenerasyon, Zenker nekrozu ve damarlarda şiddetli düzeyde hiperemi gözlendi. OEA ve seftriakson (CEFT) sitokin ekspresyonlarında ve histopatolojik bulgularda azalma sağladı. Sepsis, doku superoksit dismutaz aktivitesini (SOD) azalttı. Ayrıca lipid peroksidasyonu (LPO) ve glutatyon (GSH) seviyeleri ile doku katalaz (KAT), serum kreatin kinaz (CK-MB) ve serum laktat dehidrojenaz (LDH) aktivitelerini önemli şekilde arttırdı. OEA ve CEFT, SOD aktivitesini önemli derecede arttırırken diğer parametrelerde belirgin düşüşe neden oldu. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular ışığında oleanolik asidin sepsis sırasında oluşan kalp dokusu hasarının azaltılmasında faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.